Dataset Information

Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK).

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.

Design

Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.

Setting

The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008-2014.

Participants

A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults.

Results

Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist-hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist-hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.

SUBMITTER: Barrett EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10200569 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK).

Barrett Eden M EM Amoutzopoulos Birdem B Batterham Marijka J MJ Ray Sumantra S Beck Eleanor J EJ

Public health nutrition 20200319 8

<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.<h4>Setting</h4>The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008- ...[more]

PMID: 32188530

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Project description:BackgroundThere are limited data from randomized control trials to support or refute the contention that whole-grains can enhance protein metabolism in humans.ObjectivesTo examine: 1) the clinical effects of a whole-grain diet on whole-body protein turnover; 2) the cellular effects of whole-grains on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle cells; and 3) the population effects of whole-grain intake on age-related muscle loss.MethodsAdults with overweight/obesity (n = 14; age = 40 ± 7 y; BMI = 33 ± 5 kg/m2) were recruited into a crossover, randomized controlled trial (NCT01411540) in which isocaloric, macronutrient-matched whole-grain and refined-grain diets were fully provisioned for two 8-wk periods. Diets differed only in the presence of whole-grains (50 g/1000 kcal). Whole-body protein kinetics were assessed at baseline and after each diet in the fasted-state (13C-leucine) and integrated over 24 h (15N-glycine). In vitro studies using C2C12 cells assessed global protein synthesis by surface sensing of translation and anabolic signaling by Western blot. Complementary epidemiological assessments using the NHANES database assessed the effect of whole-grain intake on muscle function assessed by gait speed in older adults (n = 2783).ResultsIntegrated 24-h net protein balance was 3-fold higher on a whole-grain diet compared with a refined-grain diet (P = 0.04). A whole-grain wheat extract increased submaximal rates of global protein synthesis (27%, P < 0.05) in vitro. In a large sample of older adults, whole-grain intake was associated with greater muscle function (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86, 0.98).ConclusionsConsuming 50 g/1000 kcal whole-grains per day promotes greater protein turnover and enhances net protein balance in adults. Whole-grains impact skeletal muscle at the cellular level, and are associated with greater muscle function in older adults. Collectively, these data point to a new mechanism whereby whole-grain consumption favorably enhances protein turnover and improves health outcomes.This clinical trial is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT01411540).

Project description:Abstract Objectives We investigated the effect of consuming a whole-grain diet on whole-body protein metabolism compared to a macronutrient-matched refined-grain diet in adults with overweight/obesity using labelled amino acids (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01411540). Methods We conducted a randomized, controlled crossover trial in 14 adults with overweight/obesity (age: 40 ± 7 yrs, BMI: 33 ± 5 kg/m2) in which isocaloric, macronutrient-matched whole-grain (WG) and refined-grain (RG) diets were fully provided for two 8-week periods (with a 10-week washout period). Diets differed only in the inclusion of whole grains (50 g/1000 kcal). Body composition was measured via DEXA. Whole-body protein kinetics were assessed before and after each diet in the fasted state (13C-Leucine, primed, constant infusion) and over 24 hours (15N-Glycine, bolus). Protein kinetics were normalized to fat-free mass (FFM). Results Both diets resulted in mild weight loss (WG: −2.0 ± 2.5 kg; RG: −2.9 ± 3.3 kg; both P = 0.01 compared to baseline). Fasted-state leucine kinetics revealed greater protein synthesis (WG: 205 ± 61 µmol/kgFFM/hr; RG: 178 ± 36 µmol/kgFFM/hr; P = 0.04) and protein breakdown (WG: 235 ± 68 µmol/kgFFM/hr; RG: 203 ± 40 µmol/kgFFM/hr, P = 0.03) on a WG vs RG diet. This resulted in a more negative fasted-state net balance on a WG diet (WG: −30 ± 8 µmol/kg/hr; RG: −25 ± 6 µmol/kg/hr, P = 0.02). In contrast, 24-hour whole-body protein turnover measured by the end-product method (15N-Glycine), revealed greater protein synthesis (WG: 316 ± 135 mg protein/kgFFM/hr; RG: 250 ± 94 mg protein/kgFFM/hr) with no difference in protein breakdown, yielding a more positive 24-hr net balance on a WG diet (WG: 31 ± 21 mg protein/kgFFM/hr; RG: 10 ± 34 mg protein/kgFFM/hr). Conclusions A whole-grain diet increases whole-body leucine flux and results in a greater 24-hr net protein balance in adults with overweight/obesity compared to a refined-grain diet. This trial suggests whole-grains have an independent effect on protein metabolism and may benefit adults with overweight/obesity. Funding Sources This research was supported by the NIH (UL1 RR024989, T32DK007319 (JPK); T32AT004094 (JTM – trainee)) and an investigator-initiated grant from Nestle (JPK). Nestle Product Technology Center and Cereal Partners Worldwide provided the study meals and foods.

Dataset Information

Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK).

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK).

Similar Datasets

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