Effect of rolling over pattern and caregiver perception on plagiocephaly in Korean infants.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Yoon JA
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10248318 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Effect of rolling over pattern and caregiver perception on plagiocephaly in Korean infants.
Yoon Jin A JA Kim Soo-Yeon SY Shin Yong Beom YB
Clinical and experimental pediatrics 20230524 6
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Project description:BackgroundChronic lung disease remains a burden for extremely preterm infants. The changes in ventilation over time and optimal ventilatory management remains unknown. Newer, non-invasive technologies provide insight into these patterns.MethodsThis single-center prospective cohort study enrolled infants ≤32 0/7 weeks. We obtained epochs of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcCO2) measurements twice each week to describe the pattern of hypercarbia throughout their hospitalization.ResultsPatterns of hypercarbia varied based on birth gestational age and post-menstrual age (PMA) (p = 0.03), regardless of respiratory support. Infants receiving the most respiratory support had values 16-21 mmHg higher than those on room air (p < 0.001). Infants born at the youngest gestational ages had the greatest total change but the rate of change was slower (p = 0.049) compared to infants born at later gestational ages. All infants had TcCO2 values stabilize by 31-33 weeks PMA, when values were not significantly different compared to discharge. No rebound was observed when infants weaned off invasive support.ConclusionsHypercarbia improves as infants approached 31-33 weeks PMA. Hypercarbia was the highest in the most immature infants and improved with age and growth despite weaning respiratory support.ImpactThis study describes the evolution of hypercarbia as very preterm infants grow and develop. The pattern of ventilation is significantly different depending on the gestational age at birth and post-menstrual age. Average transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TCO2) decreased over time as infants became more mature despite weaning respiratory support. This improvement was most significant in infants born at the lowest gestational ages.
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Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the extent to which Korean Medicine doctors consider cold and heat pattern identification when prescribing herbal treatment for a disease.MethodsA survey was sent by e-mail to 15,841 members of the Association of Korean Medicine for whom member information was registered. Of these, 699 (4.4%) members participated in the survey. The survey included questions regarding the frequency of use of cold and heat pattern identification in deciding a herbal treatment prescription, the diseases for which cold and heat pattern identification-related herbal treatment was most efficacious, the type of herbal treatment prescribed, and the duration of the treatment.ResultsOf the 699 respondents, 591 (84.5%) reported that they considered cold and heat when prescribing herbal treatment. The diseases for which consideration of cold and heat patterns was effective were, in order, menopausal disorder (124, 18.3%), chronic rhinitis (98, 14.5%), dyspepsia (94, 13.9%), hwa-byung (92, 13.6%), diarrhea (83, 12.3%), dysmenorrhea (61, 9.0%), headache (59, 8.7%), inflammation in the digestive tract (58, 8.6%), coldness in hands and feet (58, 8.6%), and atopic dermatitis (55, 8.1%). The typical treatment duration differed widely for different diseases: atopic dermatitis was most frequently treated for >2 months (38, 34.5%), whereas diarrhea was most frequently treated for ≤ 10 days (73, 43.6%).ConclusionThese findings indicate that cold and heat pattern identification is a useful tool employed by Korean Medicine doctors. This study may provide a basis for clinical research investigating the effect of pattern identification-based treatment of diseases.
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Project description:PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if a battery of polarization-modulated stimuli, quantified as a single metric, is effective in identifying macular disease in the presence/absence of cataract or pseudophakia.MethodsUsing a modified liquid crystal display, polarization pattern perception (PPP) for a formulated battery of geometric and logMAR stimuli was evaluated in participants that had either no eye pathology (healthy participants) or were grouped according to the presence of cataract, pseudophakia, and/or age-related macular degeneration (AMD). PPP was quantified as response frequencies to individual stimuli, and as a novel monocular polarization sensitivity score (Ps) based on perception of the stimulus battery set.ResultsStimulus response frequencies were pattern-dependent and, compared with healthy participants, reduced for cataract and AMD groups but not for subjects with pseudophakia. Compared with healthy eyes (n = 47, median Ps = 17), Ps was significantly reduced by AMD (n = 59, median Ps = 1, P < 0.001) and, to a lesser extent, by cataracts (n = 80, median Ps = 6, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between Ps for healthy and pseudophakic eyes (n = 47, median Ps = 13, P = 0.323). There was no significant correlation between Ps and logMAR visual acuity.ConclusionsIn the absence of significant cataract, or in pseudophakia, a set of polarization-modulated visual stimuli, quantified as the Ps score, distinguishes AMD from healthy maculae.Translational relevancePerception of polarization-modulated stimuli, previously shown to be macula-dependent in a laboratory setting, is effective as a test of macular function in health and disease in a clinic setting.
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Project description:The aim of this study is to review the effects of an infant's presenting age and severity of deformation on cranial remolding orthotic (CRO) treatment outcomes for patients with deformational plagiocephaly. This study is a retrospective chart review of 499 infants with non-synostotic plagiocephaly who completed CRO treatment. Data collected included age at start of treatment, head shape measurements before and after treatment, total months of CRO treatment, and other factors such as presence/absence of prematurity. The infants were divided into subgroups according to age and severity at initiation of treatment and data for subgroups was analyzed to track the change in head shape over the course of treatment, review overall treatment duration, and discuss the rate of change of cranial deformation. Overall, treatment times tended to statistically increase with increasing initial severity and age. Posttreatment asymmetry measurements statistically trended to greater residual deformation in infants who began treatment in the older or more severe subcategories. This indicates that younger and less severe infants have shorter treatment durations and less residual cranial deformation after CRO treatment. Therefore, clinical consideration may need to be taken to treat infants at younger ages or prior to progression of the cranial deformity.
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Project description:Olfactory dysfunction is amongst the many symptoms of Long COVID. Whilst most people that experience smell loss post COVID-19 recover their sense of smell and taste within a few weeks, about 10% of cases experience long-term problems, and their smell recovery journey often begins a few months later when everyday items start to smell distorted. This is known as parosmia. The aim of this study was to identify the key food triggers of parosmic distortions and investigate the relationship between distortion and disgust in order to establish the impact of parosmia on diet and quality of life. In this cross-sectional study (n = 727), respondents experiencing smell distortions completed a questionnaire covering aspects of smell loss, parosmia and the associated change in valence of everyday items. There was a significant correlation between strength and disgust (p < 0.0001), and when the selected items were reported as distorted, they were described as either unpleasant or gag-inducing 84% of the time. This change in valence associated with loss of expected pleasure and the presence of strange tastes and burning sensations must certainly lead to changes in eating behaviours and serious longer-term consequences for mental health and quality of life.
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Project description:IntroductionThis study aims to investigate the clinical practice states on the diagnosis and treatment for insomnia between Korean medical general practitioners (KMGPs) and Korean medical neuropsychiatry specialists (KMNPSs).MethodsWe distributed questionnaires via email or in person to 1,017 KMGPs and via email to 165 KMNPSs. We collected and analyzed responses from 305 (30.00%) KMGPs and 53 (32.12%) KMNPSs.ResultsMost KMGPs and KMNPSs responded that the number of new patients visiting the clinic for treatment of insomnia was less than 10 per month (78.2%). Frequently utilized therapies for insomnia are acupuncture and herbal decoctions. Particularly acupoint GV20 and Guipi decoction were chosen with the highest response rate. There was no difference between KMNPSs and KMGPs in the traditional Korean medical diagnosis methods. However, KMNPSs utilized more various methods to diagnose, treat, and evaluate insomnia and educated more actively sleep hygiene compared to KMGPs.ConclusionsThis survey showed how insomnia is currently diagnosed and treated in Korean medical care settings. Moreover, we identified some differences between KMNPSs and KMGPs. Further research is required to explore the underlying reasons for these discrepancies among KMDs and to improve the quality of Korean medical clinical practice in treating insomnia.
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Project description:BackgroundPositional plagiocephaly (PP) is a cranial deformation frequent amongst children and consisting in a flattened and asymmetrical head shape. PP is associated with excessive time in supine and with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of a manual therapy approach in PP. The purpose of this parallel randomized controlled trial is to compare the effectiveness of adding a manual therapy approach to a caregiver education program focusing on active rotation range of motion (AROM) and neuromotor development in a PP pediatric sample.MethodsThirty-four children with PP and less than 28 week-old were randomly distributed into two groups. AROM and neuromotor development with Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were measured. The evaluation was performed by an examiner, blinded to the randomization of the subjects. A pediatric integrative manual therapy (PIMT) group received 10-sessions involving manual therapy and a caregiver education program. Manual therapy was addressed to the upper cervical spine to mobilize the occiput, atlas and axis. The caregiver educational program consisted in exercises to reduce the positional preference and to stimulate motor development. The control group received the caregiver education program exclusively. To compare intervention effectiveness across the groups, improvement indexes of AROM and AIMS were calculated using the difference of the final measurement values minus the baseline measurement values. If the distribution was normal, the improvement indexes were compared using the Student t-test for independent samples; if not, the Mann-Whitney U test was used. The effect size of the interventions was calculated using Cohen's d.ResultsAll randomized subjects were analysed. After the intervention, the PIMT group showed a significantly higher increase in rotation (29.68 ± 18.41°) than the control group (6.13 ± 17.69°) (p = 0.001). Both groups improved the neuromotor development but no statistically significant differences were found. No harm was reported during the study.ConclusionThe PIMT intervention program was more effective in increasing AROM than using only a caregiver education program. The study has been retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov, with identification number NCT03659032 . Registration date: September 1, 2018.
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Project description:Objective: Advances in neonatal care lead to an increased survival rate of critically ill babies. Infantile tracheostomies are not uncommon. However, only a few studies have addressed the effect of infant tracheostomy on early motor function. By comparing the scores of the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM) on head control and rolling of infants with and without tracheostomies, the authors aimed to evaluate the effect of infant tracheostomy on early motor development. Methods: Medical records and the GMFM of subjects were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-three infants with tracheostomies and 132 infants without tracheostomies were matched by gestational age, birth weight, and corrected age when the GMFM was performed using propensity score matching. GMFM scores in head control and rolling in different positions were compared by using generalized estimating equation (GEE). Results: Infants with tracheostomy showed lower values for head control in the supine position and in the pull to sit maneuver in multivariate GEE (p = 0.008, 0.004, respectively). However, the results of head control in a prone position and head lift while the examiner held the thorax showed no difference between the groups. Rolling from prone to supine was delayed in the infants with tracheostomy (p = 0.002), while rolling from supine to prone was not delayed compared to the non-tracheostomized group. More than half (54%) of the tracheostomy group scored better in rolling from a prone to supine position than in head control in supine position, which was a higher ratio compared to the non-tracheostomy group (p = 0.00). Conclusions: Tracheostomy seems to influence early motor development in infants. In particular, head control skills related to neck flexor muscle activation and rolling from prone to supine were delayed. Interventions may be required to facilitate these activities.
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Project description:Locomotion of machines and robots operating in rough terrain is strongly influenced by the mechanics of the ground-machine interactions. A rolling wheel in terrain with obstacles is subject to collisional energy losses, which is governed by mechanics comparable to hopping or walking locomotion. Here we investigate the energetic cost associated with overcoming an obstacle for rolling and hopping locomotion, using a simple mechanics model. The model considers collision-based interactions with the ground and the obstacle, without frictional losses, and we quantify, analyse, and compare the sources of energetic costs for three locomotion strategies. Our results show that the energetic advantages of the locomotion strategies are uniquely defined given the moment of inertia and the Froude number associated with the system. We find that hopping outperforms rolling at larger Froude numbers and vice versa. The analysis is further extended for a comparative study with animals. By applying size and inertial properties through an allometric scaling law of hopping and trotting animals to our models, we found that the conditions at which hopping becomes energetically advantageous to rolling roughly corresponds to animals' preferred gait transition speeds. The energetic collision losses as predicted by the model are largely verified experimentally.
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