Dataset Information

Clostridium difficile Infection: Risk and Poor Prognostic Factors at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. It is associated with significantly higher mortality and morbidity in addition to the cost-effectiveness burden on the healthcare system. The primary risk factors for C. difficile infection (CDI) are past C. difficile exposure, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotic usage. These risk factors are also associated with poor prognosis.

Objective

This study was performed in Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia. The aim was to evaluate the risk and prognostic factors of CDI and their association with the outcomes of hospital stay, such as complications, length of stay (LOS), and treatment duration.

Patients and methods

This is a retrospective cohort study for all patients who tested for C. difficile in the medical department. The target population was all adult patients ≥16 years with positive stool toxins for C. difficile between April 2019 and July 2022. The main outcome measures are risk and poor prognostic factors for CDI.

Results

C. difficle infection patients were included in the study; 12 (52.2%) were female, and 11 (47.8%) were male. The mean age of the patients was 58.3 (SD: 21.5) years; 13 (56.5%) patients were below 65 years, and 10 were above 65 years. Only four patients were without comorbidities, and 19 (82.6%) patients had various comorbidities. Importantly, hypertension was the most common comorbidity in 47.8% of the patients. Furthermore, advanced age significantly impacted the hospital LOS as the mean age among patients who stayed at the hospital less than four days and those who stayed ≥4 days was 49.08 (19.7) and 68.36 (19.5), respectively (P = .028).

Conclusion

Advanced age was the most frequent poor prognostic factor among our inpatient participants with positive CDI. It was significantly associated with longer hospital LOS, more complications, and longer treatment duration.

SUBMITTER: Miqdad MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10291994 | biostudies-literature | 2023 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Clostridium difficile Infection: Risk and Poor Prognostic Factors at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

Miqdad Mohammed A MA Kosaraju Kranthi K Mohamad Abdullah A Hulwi Hasan H Rais Ubaid U Taleb Mohammad M Aloreibi Talal T

Cureus 20230518 5

<h4>Background</h4> <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (<i>C. difficile</i>) is a common cause of hospital-acquired diarrhea. It is associated with significantly higher mortality and morbidity in addition to the cost-effectiveness burden on the healthcare system. The primary risk factors for <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI) are past <i>C. difficile</i> exposure, proton pump inhibitors, and antibiotic usage. These risk factors are also associated with poor prognosis.<h4>Objective</h4>This study was ...[more]

PMID: 37378089

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Project description:BackgroundAeromonas hydrophila can cause a wide range of diseases and is mainly found in patients with underlying diseases. Globally the data on Aeromonas infections is limited, and no studies have been published about the situation in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of Aeromonas infections in Saudi Arabia.MethodsA retrospective study was performed at a tertiary university hospital with 1000 beds in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All patients 14 years and older with Aeromonas-positive cultures between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2022 were included. Patient information was extracted from the electronic health records, including patient demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, source of infection, human immunodeficiency virus status, culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility, use of immunosuppressive medication, and 30-day mortality.ResultsIn total 24 patients were identified with Aeromonas hydrophila-positive cultures, 22 of which were males (91.7%), and most (75%) had hospital-acquired infections. The 30-day mortality was 20.8%. All Aeromonas cultures were susceptible to gentamicin, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin, while the majority were resistant to ceftazidime (83.3%) and meropenem (62.5%). The most common disease presentation was skin and soft tissue infection (33.3%), the most common clinical sign was fever (58.3%), and the most common symptom was abdominal pain (37.5%). Comorbidities were very common (median 3, range 1-7). Pitt bacteremia score (p < 0.001), Charlson weighted comorbidity index (p < 0.02), international normalized ratio (p < 0.005), and the number of comorbidity factors (p < 0.05) were all associated with 30-day mortality due to Aeromonas infection. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value (83.3%) of 30-day mortality (p < 0.05, Odds ratio 3.253, 95% confidence interval: 1.088-9.729).ConclusionsAeromonas hydrophila is an important pathogen to consider in nosocomial infections. The number of comorbidities had the best predictive value of 30-day mortality. The susceptibility pattern of this organism indicates that, in Saudi Arabia, when an Aeromonas infection is suspected, treatment with quinolone along with other broad-spectrum antibiotics should be started until the culture and susceptibility results are known.

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Dataset Information

Clostridium difficile Infection: Risk and Poor Prognostic Factors at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

Background

Objective

Patients and methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Clostridium difficile Infection: Risk and Poor Prognostic Factors at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.

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