Dataset Information

Reduced protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine among fully vaccinated children in Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all children at birth within 24 hours or during childhood.

Objective

This study was aimed to evaluate protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine and estimate the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among vaccinated children.

Materials and methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 2021 to October, 2021 in Debre Markos town. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 165 fully vaccinated children aged 5-12 years old. A serum sample was used to determine hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), anti-hepatitis B surface antibody titer (anti-HBs) using ELISA.

Results

The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc anti-body was found to be 4.2% and 4.8% respectively. Of 165 fully vaccinated children, 129 (78.2%) had anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 mIU/ml. Among 129 sero-protected children, 76 (58.9%) were hypo-responders whereas the rest 53 (41.1%) were good responders. Those children within the age group of 5-7 years were 2.9 times (AOR: 2.873, 95% CI: 1.156, 7.141) (P<0.023) more likely to respond to HBV vaccine. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that children who were born from HBV positive mothers (AOR 3.917, 95% CI: 1.456, 5.365, P<0.027) and those who had history of injectable medications (AOR 9.232, 95% CI: 1.503, 11.697, P<0.016) were more likely to be HBsAg positive. Children who had history of hospital admission (AOR 6.973, 95% CI: 1.495, 8.530, P<0.013) were more likely to be anti-HBcAb positive.

Conclusions

There was an intermediate prevalence of childhood HBV infection despite being vaccinated suggesting low protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine in the study area.

SUBMITTER: Adugna A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10328307 | biostudies-literature | 2023

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Reduced protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine among fully vaccinated children in Ethiopia.

Adugna Adane A Demeke Gebereselassie G Toru Milkiyas M Tsehay Dareskedar D Esmael Ahmed A Mihret Adane A Mulu Andargachew A

PloS one 20230707 7

<h4>Background</h4>Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for all children at birth within 24 hours or during childhood.<h4>Objective</h4>This study was aimed to evaluate protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine and estimate the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among vaccinated children.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March, 2021 to October, 2021 in Debre Markos town. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 16 ...[more]

PMID: 37418447

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Project description:BackgroundGlobally, 257 million people have chronic hepatitis. Even though a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine against HBV infection has been available, it causes significant morbidity and mortality. HBV vaccines were designed to improve or modulate the host immune responses. The effectiveness of the vaccine is determined by measuring serum hepatitis B surface antibody (Anti-HBs) level. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine among vaccinated children.MethodsPreferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines was applied for systematically searching of different databases. Only cross-section studies measuring the level of anti-HBs of vaccinated children were included. The seroprotective level with anti-HBs > 10mIU/ml was extracted. The meta-analysis was performed using statistical software for data sciences (STATA) version 14. Effectiveness estimates were reported as a proportion of anti-HBs level. The heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using the I2 test, and I2 > 50% and/or P < 0.10 was considered significant heterogeneity. Significant publication bias was considered when Egger's test P-value < 0.10. The new castle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the studies.ResultsA pooled sample size of the included papers for meta-analysis was 7430. The pooled prevalence of seroprotected children was 56.95%, with a heterogeneity index (I2) of 99.4% (P < 0.001). 35% of the participants were hypo-responders (10-99mIU/ml) and 21.46% were good responders (> 100mIU/ml). Based on subgroup analysis using country of studies conducted, the highest prevalence of anti-HBs was 87.00% (95% CI: 84.56, 89.44), in South Africa, and the lowest was 51.99% (95% CI: 20.41-83.58), with a heterogeneity index I2 = 70.7% (p = 0.009) in Ethiopia.Conclusion and recommendationsHepatitis B vaccine seroprotective level in the current pooled analysis have suboptimal, which failed to demonstrate consistent effectiveness for global hepatitis B virus elimination plan in 2030. Using consistent age group may have a significant value for the decision of the HB vaccine effectiveness. A significant heterogeneity was observed both in studies conducted in Ethiopia and Egypt. Therefore, the impact of HB vaccination on the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection should be assessed regularly in those countries. Future meta-analysis is needed to investigate all possible vaccines in a separate way of reviewing, which will lead to a strong conclusion and recommendations.

Project description:ObjectivesThe mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have shown high effectiveness in the prevention of symptomatic COVID-19, hospitalization, severe disease and death. Nevertheless, a minority of vaccinated individuals might become infected and experience significant morbidity. Characteristics of vaccine breakthrough infections have not been studied. We sought to portray the population of Israeli patients, who were hospitalized with COVID-19 despite full vaccination.MethodsA retrospective multicentre cohort study of 17 hospitals included patients fully vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech's BNT162b2 vaccine who developed COVID-19 more than 7 days after the second vaccine dose and required hospitalization. The risk for poor outcome, defined as a composite of mechanical ventilation or death, was assessed.ResultsA total of 152 patients were included, accounting for half of hospitalized fully vaccinated patients in Israel. Poor outcome was noted in 38 patients and mortality rate reached 22% (34/152). Notably, the cohort was characterized by a high rate of co-morbidities predisposing to severe COVID-19, including hypertension (108; 71%), diabetes (73; 48%), congestive heart failure (41; 27%), chronic kidney and lung diseases (37; 24% each), dementia (29; 19%) and cancer (36; 24%), and only six (4%) had no co-morbidities. Sixty (40%) of the patients were immunocompromised. Higher viral load was associated with a significant risk for poor outcome. Risk also appeared higher in patients receiving anti-CD20 treatment and in patients with low titres of anti-Spike IgG, but these differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsWe found that severe COVID-19 infection, associated with a high mortality rate, might develop in a minority of fully vaccinated individuals with multiple co-morbidities. Our patients had a higher rate of co-morbidities and immunosuppression compared with previously reported non-vaccinated hospitalized individuals with COVID-19. Further characterization of this vulnerable population may help to develop guidance to augment their protection, either by continued social distancing, or by additional active or passive vaccinations.

Dataset Information

Reduced protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine among fully vaccinated children in Ethiopia.

Background

Objective

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Reduced protective efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine among fully vaccinated children in Ethiopia.

Similar Datasets

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