Dataset Information

Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation.

ABSTRACT: There is evidence that replacing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) to synchronize ovulation prior to artificial insemination (AI) increased pregnancy per AI in dairy cows without affecting blood progesterone (P₄) concentrations. Whether morphologic, steroidogenic, and transcriptomic differences exist among corpora lutea (CL) formed after ovulation induced by GnRH and pLH is unclear. Our main objective, therefore, was to compare CL characteristics between GnRH- and pLH-induced CL. In 24 non-lactating Holstein cows, ovulations were spontaneous (Spont-Ov) or induced with 100 µg GnRH, 25 mg pLH, or 1 mg estradiol benzoate (EB), with CL excised 12 d after ovulation. In pLH- versus GnRH-treated cows, the duration of elevated LH (above baseline) was prolonged (10 versus 6 h, respectively, p < 0.01), but CL dimensions, pixel intensity of CL images, proportions of steroidogenic and non-steroidogenic luteal cells, and mean plasma LH did not significantly differ. Post-ovulation mean plasma P₄ (ng/mL) did not differ among Spont-Ov (3.0) pLH (3.1) or GnRH (3.0) cows but were lower in EB cows (2.0). In vitro P₄ concentration was greater in luteal explants of pLH-treated cows than in all other groups (combined means, 16.0 vs. 12.3 µg/mL, p < 0.02). Relative abundance of mRNA for oxytocin receptor (OXTR) was 2-fold higher (p < 0.01) in CL of pLH vs. GnRH cows and highest in Spont-Ov CL. In summary, pLH-treated cows had a longer LH peak, and greatest luteal tissue concentrations and in vitro production of P₄. We inferred that increased P₄ concentrations at the ovarian-uterine level in pLH-treated cows could have promoted embryo development and increased pregnancy per AI.

SUBMITTER: Ponce-Barajas P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10376098 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation.

Ponce-Barajas Patricio P Colazo Marcos G MG Behrouzi Amir A Ree Todd O TO Kastelic John P JP Ambrose Divakar J DJ

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 20230712 14

There is evidence that replacing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with porcine luteinizing hormone (pLH) to synchronize ovulation prior to artificial insemination (AI) increased pregnancy per AI in dairy cows without affecting blood progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) concentrations. Whether morphologic, steroidogenic, and transcriptomic differences exist among corpora lutea (CL) formed after ovulation induced by GnRH and pLH is unclear. Our main objective, therefore, was to compare CL charact ...[more]

PMID: 37508059

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Project description:Several recent studies have used transcriptomics to investigate luteal changes during the maternal recognition of the pregnancy period in ruminants. Although these studies have contributed to our understanding of luteal function during early pregnancy, few attempts have been made to integrate information across these studies and distinguish key luteal transcripts or functions that are repeatably identified across multiple studies. Therefore, in this study, two independent studies of the luteal transcriptome during early pregnancy were combined and compared. In the first study, corpora lutea (CL) from day 20 of pregnancy were compared with CL collected on day 14 of pregnancy, prior to embryonic signaling. The cattle were nonlactating. In the second study, CL from day 20 of pregnancy were compared with CL collected from day 20 cyclic cattle that had been confirmed as not yet undergoing luteal regression. These were lactating cattle. Three methods were used to compare these two datasets, to identify key luteal regulators. In the first method, all transcripts with Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P-value (Q value) < 0.05 in both datasets were considered. This yielded 22 transcripts, including several classical interferon-stimulated genes, as well as regulators of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) and latent TGFB-binding proteins (LTBP)1 and 2. In the second, less conservative method, all transcripts with P < 0.01 and changed in the same direction in both datasets were considered. This yielded an additional 20 transcripts that were not identified in the first analysis, for a total of 42 common transcripts. These transcripts were regulators of functions such as inflammatory balance and matrix remodeling. In the third method, transcripts with Q < 0.10 were subject to pathway analysis, and common pathways were identified. Retinoic acid signaling and classical interferon signaling pathways were identified with this method. Finally, regulation by interferon tau (IFNT) was investigated. Among the 42 transcripts identified, 32 were regulated by IFNT in cultured luteal cells (Q < 0.05). Among those not regulated by IFNT were LTBP1 and 2, which are TGFB-binding proteins. In summary, common transcripts from two studies of the luteal transcriptome during early pregnancy were combined and shared changes were identified. This not only generated a list of potential key luteal regulators, which were mostly IFNT regulated, but also included transcripts not regulated by IFNT, including LTBP1 and 2.

Project description:BackgroundThe mechanisms regulating the function and regression of the corpus luteum (CL) have not yet been elucidated in detail. The regressed CL of cows was previously reported to be filled with unusual vessels like arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA); however how these vessels are being established during luteolysis remains unknown.MethodsThe bovine CL at different luteal stages and regressing bovine CL induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF) were histologically analyzed using light and electron microscopic levels. The changes in mRNA expression of genes encoding α-smooth muscle actin (SMA; Acta2) and transforming growth factor β1 (Tgfb1) in luteal tissues were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsAVA-like vessels appeared in the regressed CL with a diameter less than 1.5 cm in which no functional luteal cells and macrophages were observed. Epithelioid cells in the AVA-like vessel wall were immunoreactive for SMA, and the lumen of the vessels were narrow. Immunoreaction for SMA was found in the tunica media of typical arteries and arterioles, and pericytes around capillary vessel. Cells with elongated cytoplasmic processes -resident fibroblasts expressing vimentin- distributed in the CL parenchyma without any association with blood vessels are also immunoreactive for SMA, and accumulated around arteries and arterioles during the late-luteal stage. In the regressed CL, walls of arteries and arterioles consisted of more than two layers of epithelioid cells positive for both SMA and desmin, suggesting that they are myofibroblasts transformed from fibroblasts. The percentage of the area positive for SMA and the mRNA expression of Acta2 were significantly increased in the regressed CL; however, they did not alter when a luteolytic dose of PGF was injected in vivo and collected within 24 h after the injection. On the other hand, Tgfb1, a known regulator for myofibroblast transformation, was significantly increased in PGF-induced regressing CL as well as in the CL during the late-luteal stage.ConclusionsSMA-positive myofibroblasts accumulates around the arteries and arterioles to form AVA-like vessels during luteolysis in cows. PGF indirectly regulates myofibroblast transformation through enhancing the expression of TGFβ1. These peculiar AVA-like vessels may be involved in the regulation of blood flow in the bovine CL during luteolysis.

Dataset Information

Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation.

Publications

Morphologic, Steroidogenic, and Transcriptomic Assessment of the Corpus Luteum in Holstein Cows after Spontaneous or Hormone-Induced Ovulation.

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