Dataset Information

Improving Point-of-Sale Warnings for Single Cigars: Implications for Premium Cigars.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

For cigars sold individually without packaging, including many premium cigars, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed that retailers display six warning statements on a sign at the point-of-sale (POS).

Aims and methods

To examine the potential effectiveness of cigar warning signs, we conducted a between-subjects online experiment. Participants were 809 U.S. adults who reported using cigars (78% ever large cigar use, 49% past 30-day large cigar use) recruited from a probability-based panel. Participants viewed an image of a cigar store countertop with randomization to one of four conditions: (1) no warning sign, (2) a sign with six FDA proposed text-only warnings, (3) a sign with six novel text-only warnings, or (4) a sign with six novel text + image warnings. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) models and post hoc Tukey tests to examine the results.

Results

The FDA-proposed text-only warning sign was perceived as less effective in discouraging participants from smoking cigars (M: 3.26, SD: 1.39; scale range: 1-5, where five indicates higher discouragement) compared with the novel text-only warning sign (M = 3.38, SD = 1.40) and the novel text + image warning sign (M = 3.65, SD = 1.34). The novel text + image warning sign increased discouragement from smoking cigars versus the FDA-proposed text-only warning sign (p = .02) and decreased the perceived satisfaction of smoking cigars versus no warning sign (p = .04). In a sensitivity analysis, the novel text + image warning sign decreased the perceived satisfaction of smoking cigars (p = .01), decreased cigar purchase intentions (p = .03), decreased the urge to smoke (p = .03), and increased discouragement from smoking cigars (p = .006) compared with all other study conditions.

Conclusions

Results provide new evidence that policymakers, such as the FDA, could use when proposing POS warning signs for cigars.

Implications

The US FDA proposed that retailers display a warning sign at the POS for cigars sold individually without packaging. We conducted an online experiment concerning the potential effectiveness of this regulatory policy with people who use cigars recruited from a probability-based panel. Results provide the first evidence that the FDA-proposed text-only warning sign was perceived as less effective than other types of warning signs and that adding images could potentially increase the effectiveness of warning signs. These findings are particularly relevant for premium cigars, which are often sold individually in brick-and-mortar retail settings.

SUBMITTER: Kowitt SD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10380183 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Improving Point-of-Sale Warnings for Single Cigars: Implications for Premium Cigars.

Kowitt Sarah D SD Clark Sonia A SA Jarman Kristen L KL Cornacchione Ross Jennifer J Ranney Leah M LM Sheeran Paschal P Thrasher James F JF Enyioha Chineme C Goldstein Adam O AO

Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 20230701 Suppl_1

<h4>Introduction</h4>For cigars sold individually without packaging, including many premium cigars, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed that retailers display six warning statements on a sign at the point-of-sale (POS).<h4>Aims and methods</h4>To examine the potential effectiveness of cigar warning signs, we conducted a between-subjects online experiment. Participants were 809 U.S. adults who reported using cigars (78% ever large cigar use, 49% past 30-day large cigar use) recruit ...[more]

PMID: 37506244

Similar Datasets

Project description:ObjectiveLittle evidence exists on which cigar warning statement attributes may impact cigar warning effectiveness; research is needed to identify the most effective cigar warning topics and text. This study was designed to inform the development of improved cigar warnings.DesignWe conducted a choice-based conjoint experiment. The experiment systematically manipulated cigar warning statement attributes, including cancer health effect (mention of colon cancer and/or oral cancer), non-cancer health effect (mention of heart disease and/or blood clots), causal language, warning marker word, verb use and tobacco type. Participants evaluated eight choice sets, each containing three cigar warnings with contrasting attributes, and chose the warnings that most and least encouraged them to quit smoking cigars. Using a Bayesian mixed logit model, we estimated the relative importance of each attribute and the attribute part-worth utility.SettingAn online survey of adults in the USA.ParticipantsWe enrolled 959 US adults who used little cigars, cigarillos, or large cigars in the past 30 days using an online survey from October to December 2020.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes for the experiment are relative attribute importance and attribute part-worth utility.ResultsThe most important attributes to participant selection of warnings were the non-cancer and the cancer health effects (29.3%; 95%CI 28.6% to 30.0% and 29.0%; 95% CI 28.4% to 29.6%, respectively), followed by causal language (16.3%; 95% CI 15.7% to 16.8%), marker word (10.3%; 95% CI 9.9% to 10.7%), verb use (8.8%; 95% CI 8.5% to 9.2%) and tobacco type (6.3%, 95% CI 5.9% to 6.6%).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that health effects are the most important attributes when designing cigar warning statements, but other attributes, like causal terminology, also influence perceived warning effectiveness. Based on our findings, 'DANGER: Tobacco causes heart disease and blood clots' is an example of a highly effective warning statement for cigars.

Project description:BackgroundPoint-of-sale is a potentially important opportunity to promote healthy eating through nutrition education and environment modification. The aim of this review was to describe and review the evidence of effectiveness of various types of interventions that have been used at point-of-sale to encourage purchase and/or eating of healthier food and to improve health outcomes, and the extent to which effectiveness was related to intensity, duration and intervention setting.MethodsRecords from searches in databases were screened and assessed against inclusion criteria. Included studies had risk of bias assessed. Intervention effectiveness was assessed for two outcomes: i) purchase and/or intake of healthier food options and/or nutrient intake; and ii) mediating factors that might effect the primary outcome.ResultsThe search identified 5635 references. Thirty-two papers met the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies had low risk of bias and were classified as strong, nine were moderate and 11 were weak. Six intervention types and a range of different outcome measures were described in these papers: i) nutrition education and promotion alone through supermarkets/stores; ii) nutrition education plus enhanced availability of healthy food; iii) monetary incentive alone; iv) nutrition education plus monetary incentives; v) nutrition intervention through vending machines; and vi) nutrition intervention through shopping online. The evidence of this review indicates that monetary incentives offered to customers for a short-term look promising in increasing purchase of healthier food options when the intervention is applied by itself in stores or supermarkets. There was a lack of good quality studies addressing all other types of relevant point-of-sale interventions examining change in purchase and/or intake of healthier food options. There were few studies that examined mediating factors that might mediate the effect on the primary outcomes of relevant interventions.ConclusionsA range of intervention types have been used at point-of-sale to encourage healthy purchasing and/or intake of healthier food options and to improve health outcomes. There is a need for more well designed studies on the effectiveness of a range of point-of-sale interventions to encourage healthier eating and improve health outcomes, and of the mediating factors that might impact these interventions.

Dataset Information

Improving Point-of-Sale Warnings for Single Cigars: Implications for Premium Cigars.

Introduction

Aims and methods

Results

Conclusions

Implications

Publications

Improving Point-of-Sale Warnings for Single Cigars: Implications for Premium Cigars.

Similar Datasets

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