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Circular Design and Functionalized Upcycling of Waste Commodity Polystyrene via C-H Activation Using Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis.

ABSTRACT: The inefficient reuse and recycling of plastics-and the current surge of medical and take-out food packaging use during the pandemic-have exacerbated the environmental burden. This impels the development of alternative recycling/upcycling methods to pivot toward circularity. We report the use of the Mannich three-component coupling reaction for the modification of polystyrene (PS) recovered with a 99.1% yield from waste food containers to form functionalized nitrogen and oxygen-rich PS derivatives. A series of functionalized PS with increasing moles of formaldehyde (F) and morpholine (M) (0.5 × 10^-2, 1.0 × 10^-2, and 2.0 × 10^-2 mol) was achieved using a sol-gel-derived Fe-TiO₂ catalyst in a solvent-free, microwave-assisted synthesis. Modified polymers were characterized with viscometry, ¹H NMR, ¹³CNMR (DEPT) FTIR, XPS, UV, and TGA. Functionalization scaled with an increasing ratio, validating the 3CR approach. Further functionalization was constrained by a competing oxidative degradation; however, the varying hydrogen bond density due to nitrogen and oxygen-rich species at higher ratios was shown to compensate for molecular weight loss. The integration of the N-cyclic quaternary ammonium cations exhibited the potential of functionalized polymers for ion-exchange membrane applications.

SUBMITTER: Shetranjiwalla S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10384716 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Circular Design and Functionalized Upcycling of Waste Commodity Polystyrene via C-H Activation Using Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis.

Shetranjiwalla Shegufta S Cislak Claire C Scotland Kevin M KM

Polymers 20230721 14

The inefficient reuse and recycling of plastics-and the current surge of medical and take-out food packaging use during the pandemic-have exacerbated the environmental burden. This impels the development of alternative recycling/upcycling methods to pivot toward circularity. We report the use of the Mannich three-component coupling reaction for the modification of polystyrene (PS) recovered with a 99.1% yield from waste food containers to form functionalized nitrogen and oxygen-rich PS derivativ ...[more]

PMID: 37514498

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Project description:Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is causing severe environmental problems due to its high consumption and non-biodegradability. Upcycling waste EPS into high value-added functional materials is highly advisable in terms of sustainability and environmental concerns. Meanwhile, it is imperative to develop new anti-counterfeiting materials with high security against increasingly high-tech counterfeiting. Developing UV-excited dual-mode luminescent advanced anti-counterfeiting materials that can be excited by commonly used commercial UV light sources (such as 254 nm and 365 nm wavelengths) remains a challenge. Herein, UV-excited dual-mode multicolor luminescent electrospun fiber membranes were fabricated from waste EPS by co-doping with a Eu3+ complex and a Tb3+ complex via electrospinning. The SEM results prove that the lanthanide complexes are uniformly dispersed in the PS matrix. The luminescence analysis results suggest that all the as-prepared fiber membranes with the different mass ratios of the two complexes can exhibit the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions and Tb3+ ions under UV light excitation. The corresponding fiber membrane samples can exhibit intense visible luminescence with different colors under UV lights. Moreover, each membrane sample can display different color luminescence irradiated with UV light at 254 nm and 365 nm, respectively, e.g. show excellent UV-excited dual-mode luminescent properties. This is owing to the different UV absorption properties of the two lanthanide complexes doped in the fiber membrane. Finally, the fiber membranes with different color luminescence from green light to red light were achieved by tuning the mass ratio of the two complexes in the PS matrix and changing UV irradiation wavelengths. The as-prepared fiber membranes with tunable multicolor luminescence are very promising for high-level anti-counterfeiting applications. This work is very meaningful not only to upcycle waste EPS to high value-added functional products but also to develop advanced anti-counterfeiting materials.

Dataset Information

Circular Design and Functionalized Upcycling of Waste Commodity Polystyrene via C-H Activation Using Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis.

Publications

Circular Design and Functionalized Upcycling of Waste Commodity Polystyrene via C-H Activation Using Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Synthesis.

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