YAP/STAT3 inhibited CD8⁺ T cells activity in the breast cancer immune microenvironment by inducing M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women. One of the hallmarks of cancer is sustained angiogenesis. YAP/STAT3 may promote angiogenesis and driving BC progression. This study aimed to investigate how YAP/STAT3 affects the immune microenvironment in BC and understand the underlying mechanism.

Methods

To establish a tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) model, macrophages were cultured in the 4T1 cell culture medium. A BC mouse model was created by injecting 4T1 cells. The expression of YAP, STAT3, p-STAT3, VEGF, VEGFR-2, and PD-L1 was analyzed using immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. Flow cytometry was used to identify M1 and M2 macrophages, CD4⁺ T, CD8⁺ T, and Treg cells. Leve

SUBMITTER: Wang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10469732 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature