Dataset Information

Diet order affects energy balance in randomized crossover feeding studies that vary in macronutrients but not ultra-processing.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Crossover studies can induce order effects, especially when they lack a wash-out period.

Objective

To explore diet order effects on energy balance and food intake between randomized diet order groups in two inpatient crossover studies originally designed to compare within-subject differences in ad libitum energy intake between either minimally processed low carbohydrate (LC) versus low fat (LF) diets or macronutrient-matched diets composed of mostly minimally processed food (MPF) or ultra-processed food (UPF).

Methods

Diet order group comparisons of changes in body weight, body composition, and differences in energy expenditure, and food intake were assessed over four weeks in 20 adults randomized to either the LC followed immediately by the LF diet (LC→LF) or the opposite order (LF→LC) as well as 20 adults randomized to either the MPF followed by UPF (MPF→UPF) diets or the opposite order (UPF→MPF).

Results

Subjects randomized to LC→LF lost 2.9 ± 1.1 kg more body weight (p < 0.001) and 1.5 ± 0.6 kg more body fat (p = 0.03) than the LF→LC group likely because the LC→LF group consumed 922 ± 304 kcal/d less than the LF→LC group (p = 0.0024). Reduced energy intake in LC→LF vs LF→LC was driven by the last two weeks (-1610 ± 306 kcal/d; p<0.00001) perhaps due to carryover effects of gut adaptations over the first two weeks arising from large differences in the mass of food (1295 ± 209 g/d; p<0.00001) and fiber intake (58 ± 5 g/d; p<0.00001). There were no diet order effects on ad libitum energy intake, body weight, or body composition change between UPF→MPF versus MPF→UPF groups.

Conclusions

Diet order influences daily ad libitum energy intake, body weight change, and fat change within the context of a 4-week crossover inpatient diet study varying in macronutrients, but not varying in extent and purpose of processing.

Funding sources

Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health.

Clinical trial registration

NCT03407053 and NCT03878108.

SUBMITTER: Sciarrillo CM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10659501 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Diet order affects energy balance in randomized crossover feeding studies that vary in macronutrients but not ultra-processing.

Sciarrillo Christina M CM Guo Juen J Hengist Aaron A Darcey Valerie L VL Hall Kevin D KD

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20231004

<h4>Background</h4>Crossover studies can induce order effects, especially when they lack a wash-out period.<h4>Objective</h4>To explore diet order effects on energy balance and food intake between randomized diet order groups in two inpatient crossover studies originally designed to compare within-subject differences in <i>ad libitum</i> energy intake between either minimally processed low carbohydrate (LC) versus low fat (LF) diets or macronutrient-matched diets composed of mostly minimally pro ...[more]

PMID: 37986904

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Project description:BackgroundActive video games (AVGs) have been shown to acutely increase energy expenditure when compared with seated video games; however, the influence of AVGs on compensatory adjustments in energy intake and expenditure is largely unknown.ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the acute effects of AVGs on energy intake and expenditure.DesignWith the use of a randomized crossover design, 26 male adolescents (mean ± SD age: 14.5 ± 1.4 y) completed three 1-h experimental conditions: resting control, seated video game play (Xbox 360; Microsoft), and AVG play (Kinect Adventures on Xbox 360) followed by an ad libitum lunch. A validated food menu was used to assess food intake immediately after the conditions and for the remainder of the day, and a dietary record was used for the subsequent 3-d period. Energy expenditure was measured by using portable indirect calorimetry throughout each experimental condition, and an accelerometer was used to assess the subsequent 3-d period. Appetite sensations were assessed by using visual analog scales at different time points during the testing day. The primary outcomes were acute (immediately after the conditions and 24-h) and short-term (3-d) energy intake and expenditure.ResultsEnergy expenditure was significantly higher (~145%; P < 0.001) during the AVG condition than during the resting control and seated video game conditions; however, no significant differences in energy expenditure were observed 24 h (~6%; P > 0.49) and 3 d after the experimental conditions (~3%; P > 0.82). No significant differences were observed in absolute energy intake immediately after the conditions (~2%; P > 0.94) or in absolute energy intake 24 h (~5%; P > 0.63) and 3 d (~9%; P > 0.53) after the experimental conditions. Finally, appetite sensations were similar between conditions at all time points (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe increase in energy expenditure promoted by a single session of Kinect AVG play is not associated with increased food intake but is compensated for after the intervention, resulting in no measurable change in energy balance after 24 h. These results suggest that the potential of Kinect to reduce the energy gap underlying weight gain is offset within 24 h in male adolescents. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01655901.

Dataset Information

Diet order affects energy balance in randomized crossover feeding studies that vary in macronutrients but not ultra-processing.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Funding sources

Clinical trial registration

Publications

Diet order affects energy balance in randomized crossover feeding studies that vary in macronutrients but not ultra-processing.

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