Browse
Submit Data
Databases
API
Help

Dataset Information

0 Views

0 Connections

0 Citations

0 Reanalyses

0 Downloads

Omics score: 0

Chronological Changes in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1, Gonadotropins, and Sex Steroid Hormones along the Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis during Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Development in the Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus.

ABSTRACT: (1) Fshβ and Lhβ showed stronger signals and higher transcript levels from 590 to 1050 dph than at earlier stages, implying their active involvement during primary oocyte development. (2) Fshβ and Lhβ at lower levels were detected during the phases of ovarian differentiation and oogonial proliferation. (3) E₂ concentrations increased significantly at 174, 333, and 1435 dph, while T concentrations exhibited significant increases at 174 and 333 dph. These findings suggest potential correlations between serum E₂ concentrations and the phases of oogonial proliferation and pre-vitellogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Xu W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10670822 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Json Xml

Publications

Chronological Changes in Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1, Gonadotropins, and Sex Steroid Hormones along the Brain-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis during Gonadal Sex Differentiation and Development in the Longtooth Grouper, Epinephelus bruneus.

Xu Wengang W Chuda Hisashi H Soyano Kiyoshi K Zeng Jun J Mei Weiping W Zou Huafeng H

Cells 20231116 22

(1) Fshβ and Lhβ showed stronger signals and higher transcript levels from 590 to 1050 dph than at earlier stages, implying their active involvement during primary oocyte development. (2) Fshβ and Lhβ at lower levels were detected during the phases of ovarian differentiation and oogonial proliferation. (3) E2 concentrations increased significantly at 174, 333, and 1435 dph, while T concentrations exhibited significant increases at 174 and 333 dph. These findings suggest potential corr ...[more]

PMID: 37998369

Similar Datasets

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis of Jinhu Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus tukula ♂) and Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus).

Project description:Jinhu groupers, the hybrid offspring of tiger groupers (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and potato groupers (Epinephelus tukula), have excellent heterosis in fast growth and strong stress resistance. However, compared with the maternal tiger grouper, Jinhu groupers show delayed gonadal development. To explore the interspecific difference in gonadal development, we compared the transcriptomes of brain, pituitary, and gonadal tissues between Jinhu groupers and tiger groupers at 24-months old. In total, 3034 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses showed that the osteoclast differentiation, oocyte meiosis, and ovarian steroidogenesis may be involved in the difference in gonadal development. Trend analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly related to signal transduction and cell growth and death. Additionally, differences in expression levels of nr4a1, pgr, dmrta2, tbx19, and cyp19a1 may be related to gonadal retardation in Jinhu groupers. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed three modules (i.e., saddlebrown, paleturquoise, and greenyellow) that were significantly related to gonadal development in the brain, pituitary, and gonadal tissues, respectively, of Jinhu groupers and tiger groupers. Network diagrams of the target modules were constructed and the respective hub genes were determined (i.e., cdh6, col18a1, and hat1). This study provides additional insight into the molecular mechanism underlying ovarian stunting in grouper hybrids.

| S-EPMC11275438 | biostudies-literature

Plasma level of omentin-1, its expression, and its regulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropins in porcine anterior pituitary cells.

Project description:Omentin-1 (OMNT1) is an adipokine involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and reproduction. The present study was the first to investigate the plasma levels and expression of OMNT1 in the anterior pituitary (AP) gland on days 2-3, 10-12, 14-16, and 17-19 of the estrous cycle of normal-weight Large White (LW) and fat Meishan (MS) pigs. Next, we determined the effect of GnRH, LH, and FSH on the OMNT1 levels in cultured AP cells. The gene and protein expression of OMNT1 in AP fluctuated during the estrous cycle, with a higher expression in MS than in LW (except on days 10-12). However, plasma levels of OMNT1 were higher in LW than in MS. OMNT1 was localized in somatotrophs, lactotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs. In LW pituitary cells, GnRH and gonadotropins stimulated OMNT1 protein expression (except FSH on days 14-16) and had no effect on OMNT1 levels in the culture medium. In MS pituitary cells, we observed that GnRH and LH increased while FSH decreased OMNT1 protein expression. These findings showed OMNT1 expression and regulation in the porcine AP and suggested that OMNT1 could be a new player modifying the pituitary functions.

| S-EPMC10630491 | biostudies-literature

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals gonadal dynamic changes during sex differentiation in hermaphroditic protogynous orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides).

Project description: Not available

| S-EPMC10083225 | biostudies-literature

Development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion and pituitary response.

Project description:Acquisition of a mature pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the CNS is a hallmark of the pubertal process. Little is known about GnRH release during sexual maturation, but it is assumed to be minimal before later stages of puberty. We studied spontaneous GnRH secretion in brain slices from male mice during perinatal and postnatal development using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to detect directly the oxidation of secreted GnRH. There was good correspondence between the frequency of GnRH release detected by FSCV in the median eminence of slices from adults with previous reports of in vivo luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency. The frequency of GnRH release in the late embryonic stage was surprisingly high, reaching a maximum in newborns and remaining elevated in 1-week-old animals despite low LH levels. Early high-frequency GnRH release was similar in wild-type and kisspeptin knock-out mice indicating that this release is independent of kisspeptin-mediated excitation. In vivo treatment with testosterone or in vitro treatment with gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) reduced GnRH release frequency in slices from 1-week-old mice. RF9, a putative GnIH antagonist, restored GnRH release in slices from testosterone-treated mice, suggesting that testosterone inhibition may be GnIH-dependent. At 2-3 weeks, GnRH release is suppressed before attaining adult patterns. Reduction in early life spontaneous GnRH release frequency coincides with the onset of the ability of exogenous GnRH to induce pituitary LH secretion. These findings suggest that lack of pituitary secretory response, not lack of GnRH release, initially blocks downstream activation of the reproductive system.

| S-EPMC4220034 | biostudies-literature

Dual Actions of Mammalian and Piscine Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormones, RFamide-Related Peptides and LPXRFamide Peptides, in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis.

Project description:Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that decreases gonadotropin synthesis and release by directly acting on the gonadotrope or by decreasing the activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. GnIH is also called RFamide-related peptide in mammals or LPXRFamide peptide in fishes due to its characteristic C-terminal structure. The primary receptor for GnIH is GPR147 that inhibits cAMP production in target cells. Although most of the studies in mammals, birds, and fish have shown the inhibitory action of GnIH in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, several in vivo studies in mammals and many in vivo and in vitro studies in fish have shown its stimulatory action. In mouse, although the firing rate of the majority of GnRH neurons is decreased, a small population of GnRH neurons is stimulated by GnIH. In hamsters, GnIH inhibits luteinizing hormone (LH) release in the breeding season when their endogenous LH level is high but stimulates LH release in non-breeding season when their LH level is basal. Besides different effects of GnIH on the HPG axis depending on the reproductive stages in fish, higher concentration or longer duration of GnIH administration can stimulate their HPG axis. These results suggest that GnIH action in the HPG axis is modulated by sex-steroid concentration, the action of neuroestrogen synthesized by the activity of aromatase stimulated by GnIH, estrogen membrane receptor, heteromerization and internalization of GnIH, GnRH, and estrogen membrane receptors. The inhibitory and stimulatory action of GnIH in the HPG axis may have a physiological role to maintain reproductive homeostasis according to developmental and reproductive stages.

| S-EPMC5768612 | biostudies-literature

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the gonadal dynamic changes of sex differentiation in hermaphroditic protogynous orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides

Project description:Sex differentiation is a complex process that requires many factors to regulate proliferation, differentiation, development, and organization of the gonads. In teleosts, the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation are diverse and unclear, especially in hermaphrodite fish. In the present study, 15 cell types, including germ cells, follicle cells, and theca cells, and so on, were identified using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in the gonads during sex differentiation in a hermaphrodite fish, orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Two pre-follicle cell types were defined, and the differentiating trajectories of the follicle cells were outlined. Notably, both pre-follicle and follicle cells highly expressed male-related genes synchronously, such as amh, sox9, and dmrt3 in pre-follicle cells, as well as dmrt1 in follicle cells. Oocyte possessed two distinct states, with high expression of oocyte development related genes in one state and spermatogenesis related genes in the other state, respectively. Our results provide novel insights into cell types and lineage tracing in the gonads during sex differentiation in hermaphrodite species.

2024-07-26 | GSE218835 | GEO

Administration of increasing doses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with spinal cord injury to investigate dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Project description:Study designProspective.ObjectivesTo determine the optimum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) dose to identify dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in men with spinal cord injury (SCI).SettingMetropolitan Area Hospitals, New York and New Jersey, USA.MethodsSCI men (16 hypogonadal (HG = serum testosterone <12.1 nmol/l) and 14 eugonadal (EG)) and able-bodied (AB) men (27 HG and 11 EG) were studied. GnRH (10, 50, and 100 μg) was randomly administered intravenously on three separate visits. Blood samples were collected post-GnRH for serum-luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH).ResultsHG and EG men had a similar proportion of clinically acceptable gonadotropin responses to all three GnRH doses. The incremental gonadotropin responses to GnRH were not significantly different across the groups. However, in the SCI-HG group, GnRH of 100 μg resulted in the greatest integrated FSH response, and in the SCI-EG group, GnRH of 50 μg resulted in the greatest integrated LH response compared with the AB groups. A consistent, but not significant, absolute increase in gonadotropin release was observed in the SCI groups at all GnRH doses.ConclusionsLower doses of GnRH did not improve the ability to identify the clinical dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. However, the absolutely higher SCI-HG FSH response to GnRH of 100 μg and a higher SCI-EG LH response to GnRH of 50 μg, along with a higher gonadotropin release at all GnRH doses, albeit not significant, suggests a hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in persons with SCI.

| S-EPMC5839914 | biostudies-literature

Effects of aromatizable and nonaromatizable androgens on the sex inversion of red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara).

Project description:The effects of aromatizable 17alpha-methyltestosterone (MT) and non-aromatizable 17alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) on sex inversion in red-spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara, were investigated. Fish were implanted with MT, MDHT and MT+AI (aromatase inhibitor, AI) respectively for one month. The results showed that the three treated groups turned into transitional stage with intersex gonads, which contained atretic oocytes and spermatogenic germ cells at all stages of spermatogenesis. The controls did not change sex. The gonads of more than half MT-implanted fish were in early transitional stages of sex inversion, whereas those of more than half MDHT and MT+AI-implanted fish were in late transitional stages of sex inversion. No difference in serum estradiol-17beta (E(2)) levels between the controls and the treated groups were observed, whereas 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and testosterone (T) levels increased in all treated groups. Significantly lower gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonadal aromatase activity were observed in the treated groups, which were in accordance with the lower mRNA expression of P450aromA. However, P450aromB mRNA expression increased in the MT group, while it did not change in the MDHT group. These results suggest that the sex inversion of red-spotted grouper by MT and MDHT implantation might be due to the suppression of P450aromA gene expression, and resulting in both the decrease of the ovarian estrogen -secretion, as well as the increase in the 11-KT levels. Furthermore, the main reason for MT being less effective than MDHT might be due to partial aromatization of MT to estrogen.

| S-EPMC2780618 | biostudies-other

Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones.

Project description:Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, "gender" refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas "sex" only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases.

| S-EPMC6215564 | biostudies-other

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in premenopausal women does not alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone.

Project description:Sex hormones appear to play a role in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. The objective was to isolate the effects of estradiol (E2) on central activation of the HPA axis. We hypothesized that the HPA axis response to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) under dexamethasone (Dex) suppression would be exaggerated in response to chronic ovarian hormone suppression and that physiologic E2 add-back would mitigate this response. Thirty premenopausal women underwent 20 wk of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy (GnRHAG) and transdermal E2 (0.075 mg per day, GnRHAG?+ E2, n?= 15) or placebo (PL) patch (GnRHAG?+ PL, n?= 15). Women in the GnRHAG?+ PL and GnRHAG?+ E2 groups were of similar age (38?(SD 5) yr vs. 36?(SD 7) yr) and body mass index (27?(SD 6) kg/m2 vs. 27?(SD 6) kg/m2). Serum E2 changed differently between the groups ( P?= 0.01); it decreased in response to GnRHAG?+ PL (77.9?±?17.4 to 23.2?±?2.6 pg/ml; P?= 0.008) and did not change in response to GnRHAG?+ E2 (70.6?±?12.4 to 105?±?30.4 pg/ml; P?= 0.36). The incremental area under the curve (AUCINC) responses to CRH were different between the groups for total cortisol ( P?= 0.03) and cortisone ( P?= 0.04) but not serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ( P?= 0.28). When examining within-group changes, GnRHAG?+ PL did not alter the HPA axis response to Dex/CRH, but GnRHAG?+ E2 decreased the AUCINC for ACTH (AUCINC, 1,623?± 257 to 1,211?± 236 pg/ml·min, P?= 0.004), cortisone (1,795?±?367 to 1,090?±?281 ng/ml·min, P?= 0.009), and total cortisol (7,008?±?1,387 to 3,893?±?1,090 ng/ml·min, P?= 0.02). Suppression of ovarian hormones by GnRHAG therapy for 20 wk did not exaggerate the HPA axis response to CRH, but physiologic E2 add-back reduced HPA axis activity compared with preintervention levels.

| S-EPMC6139491 | biostudies-literature