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Locus of control, self-control, and health outcomes.

ABSTRACT: We provide the first empirical evidence on the direct link between locus of control and self-control, and how they interact in explaining a range of health outcomes. Using rich Australian survey data, we find that, while the two traits are distinct constructs, a greater internal locus of control is associated with higher self-control. The association between locus of control and health is reduced once we control for self-control, suggesting that self-control mediates at least part of this relationship. Finally, an internal locus of control amplifies the beneficial effects of self-control particularly for physical health.

SUBMITTER: Botha F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10698268 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Locus of control, self-control, and health outcomes.

Botha Ferdi F Dahmann Sarah C SC

SSM - population health 20231124

We provide the first empirical evidence on the direct link between locus of control and self-control, and how they interact in explaining a range of health outcomes. Using rich Australian survey data, we find that, while the two traits are distinct constructs, a greater internal locus of control is associated with higher self-control. The association between locus of control and health is reduced once we control for self-control, suggesting that self-control mediates at least part of this relati ...[more]

PMID: 38077246

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Project description:IntroductionIschaemic heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Self-management is a way to reduce the risk associated with ischaemic heart disease; however, some individuals may not have the ability or willingness to engage in self-management behaviours. One approach to identify an individual's readiness and capacity to engage in self-management behaviours is to assess their health locus of control. Based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory, this review's objectives are to describe: (1) how health locus of control affects the process of engaging in self-management behaviours, (2) impacts of health locus of control on outcomes associated with self-management behaviours and (3) potential contextual variations in the relationship between health locus of control and self-management behaviours.Methods and analysisThe scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework. A comprehensive search will encompass seven electronic databases (Ovid Medline, CINAHL, EMBASE, APA PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus) and grey literature sources (ProQuest Dissertations, ClinicalTrials.gov). Collaborative efforts with library experts will inform our search strategies, building on insights from previous reviews centred on self-management and ischaemic heart disease. Two review authors will independently conduct the screening and data extraction processes; discrepancies will be resolved through consensus or discussion with a third review author. The review will include English studies from database inception, focusing on the health locus of control among adults with ischaemic heart disease. Findings will be presented graphically and tabularly, together with a narrative description.Ethics and disseminationWe will collect data from published and grey literature, meaning ethical approval is not necessary. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic conferences.Registration detailsOpen Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B4A6F).

Project description:BackgroundHealth locus of control (HLOC) is a theory that describes how individuals perceive different forces that influence their lives. The concept of a locus of control can affect an individual's likelihood to commit to behaviors related to their health. This study explores the literature on the relationships between HLOC and medical behavioral interventions.ObjectiveThis study aims to better understand how HLOC constructs can potentially affect patient responses to health behavioral interventions and to propose a series of guidelines for individuals interested in designing medical behavioral interventions related to HLOC.MethodsWe used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology and performed an analysis of 50 papers related to the topic of HLOC and medical behavioral interventions. Inclusion criteria were studies that had a behavioral intervention involving patients and contained a metric of at least 1 of the constructs related to HLOC. The initial screening and search were conducted by 2 researchers (AY and SM) separately. The results were then combined and compared.ResultsOur findings explore the influence of different levels of HLOC along with the importance of both patient- and health-related context when assessing the relationships between HLOC constructs and the likelihood of health behavior change. The findings show that different constructs related to HLOC can act as reliable predictors for patient responses to medical behavioral interventions. Patients who score higher on internal HLOC measures are more likely to exhibit behaviors that are consistent with positive health outcomes. Patients who score higher on chance HLOC are more likely to exhibit behaviors that may lead to adverse health outcomes. These conclusions are supported by most of the 50 studies surveyed.ConclusionsWe propose guidelines for individuals designing medical behavioral interventions so that they can make use of these relationships linked to HLOC. The three guidelines suggested are as follows: (1) in most situations, improving internal HLOC will improve health outcomes for patients; (2) patients with high external HLOC should be further studied to determine the source of the external HLOC; and (3) patients with a high chance HLOC are less likely to follow preventative behaviors or be responsive to interventions. Limitations of the study are that the primary search and analysis were conducted by 2 principal researchers (AY and SM). Interpretation and development of the guidelines are subject to individual interpretation of results and may not be applicable to all contexts.

Project description:BackgroundCurrent health policies emphasize the need for an equitable doctor-patient relationship, and this requires a certain level of patient empowerment. However, a systematic review of the empirical evidence on how empowerment affects medication adherence-the extent to which patients follow the physician's prescription of medication intake-is still missing. The goal of this systematic review is to sum up current state-of-the-art knowledge concerning the relationship between patient empowerment and medication adherence across medical conditions. As our conceptualization defines health locus of control and self-efficacy as being crucial components of empowerment, we explored the relationship between these two constructs and medication adherence.MethodsRelevant studies were retrieved through a comprehensive search of Medline and PsychINFO databases (1967 to 2017). In total, 4903 publications were identified. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and quality assessment, 154 articles were deemed relevant. Peer-reviewed articles, written in English, addressing the relationship between empowerment (predictor) and medication adherence (outcome) were included.FindingsHigh levels of self-efficacy and Internal Health Locus of Control are consistently found to promote medication adherence. External control dimensions were found to have mainly negative (Chance and God attributed control beliefs) or ambiguous (Powerful others attributed control beliefs) links to adherence, except for Doctor Health Locus of Control which had a positive association with medication adherence. To fully capture how health locus of control dimensions influence medication adherence, the interaction between the sub-dimensions and the attitudinal symmetry between the doctor and patient, regarding the patient's control over the disease management, can provide promising new alternatives.DiscussionThe beneficial effect of patients' high internal and concurrent physician-attributed control beliefs suggests that a so-called "joint empowerment" approach can be suitable in order to foster medication adherence, enabling us to address the question of control as a versatile component in the doctor-patient relationship.

Dataset Information

Locus of control, self-control, and health outcomes.

Publications

Locus of control, self-control, and health outcomes.

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