The Pulse of Asia 2021 Seoul
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10701138 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:In this paper, the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS) sought to provide practice guidance on AF screening based on recent evidence, with specific considerations relevant to the Asia-Pacific region. A key recommendation is opportunistic screening for people aged ≥65 years (all countries), with systematic screening to be considered for people aged ≥75 years or who have additional risk factors (all countries).
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Project description:BackgroundPulse oximeters are not routinely available in outpatient clinics in low- and middle-income countries. We derived clinical scores to identify hypoxemic child pneumonia.MethodsThis was a retrospective pooled analysis of two outpatient datasets of 3-35 month olds with World Health Organization (WHO)-defined pneumonia in Bangladesh and Malawi. We constructed, internally validated, and compared fit & discrimination of four models predicting SpO2 < 93% and <90%: (1) Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guidelines, (2) WHO-composite guidelines, (3) Independent variable least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO); (4) Composite variable LASSO.Results12,712 observations were included. The independent and composite LASSO models discriminated moderately (both C-statistic 0.77) between children with a SpO2 < 93% and ≥94%; model predictive capacities remained moderate after adjusting for potential overfitting (C-statistic 0.74 and 0.75). The IMCI and WHO-composite models had poorer discrimination (C-statistic 0.56 and 0.68) and identified 20.6% and 56.8% of SpO2 < 93% cases. The highest score stratum of the independent and composite LASSO models identified 46.7% and 49.0% of SpO2 < 93% cases. Both LASSO models had similar performance for a SpO2 < 90%.ConclusionsIn the absence of pulse oximeters, both LASSO models better identified outpatient hypoxemic pneumonia cases than the WHO guidelines. Score external validation and implementation are needed.
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Project description:BackgroundIn recent years, headache diseases have spread throughout the world, causing great suffering and even severe disability to patients, and increasing the burden on health care systems. However, studies of specific regions are rare. The purpose of our study is to comprehensively analyze the current situation and trends of headache diseases in Asia between 1990 and 2021, to provide details of headache diseases in Asia, and to provide scientific data to support health development strategies.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database were used to calculate the incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of headache disorders in Asia from 1990 to 2021. Differences between years, ages, sexes and countries were also assessed, and we evaluated the correlation between epidemiological and sociodemographic indices (SDIs).ResultIn 2021, there were approximately 683,514,637 cases of migraine in Asia. Meanwhile, there are now 1,130,221,326 cases associated with tension-type headache (TTH) in Asia. Specifically, the age-standardized DALYs (ASDR) [607 cases per 100,000 people (95% UI: 70 - 1,363)] for migraine were highest in Southeast Asia, and the ASDR [422 cases per 100,000 people (95% UI: 86-938)] was lowest in high-income countries of the Asia-Pacific region. ASDR [67 cases per 100,000 people (95% UI: 18-236)] was highest for TTH in Central Asia and lowest for ASDR [43 cases per 100,000 people (95% UI: 13-141)] in East Asia. In addition, women are the key population for migraine and TTH prevalence. In Asia, there were negative and positive correlations between migraine and TTH and SDI, respectively.ConclusionsHeadache disorders pose a serious threat to the quality of life and safety of patients in Asia, increasing the burden on society, and this impact will continue to grow. Our findings suggest that active public awareness, improved guidelines, and better disease management are necessary to expand the public and healthcare system's attention to headache disorders, and thereby gain a greater advantage in combating the burden of headache disorders in the future.
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Project description:Glioblastoma is a primary brain cancer with a near 100% recurrence rate. Upon recurrence, the tumor is resistant to all conventional therapies, and because of this, 5-year survival is dismal. One of the major drivers of this high recurrence rate is the ability of GBM cells to adapt to complex changes within the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of this adaptation, specifically during chemotherapy, we employed ChIP-Sequencing and gene expression analysis. We identified a molecular circuit in which the expression of ciliary protein ALR13B is epigenetically regulated to promote adaptation to chemotherapy. Immuno-precipitation combined with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry binding partner analysis revealed that that ARL13B interacts with the purine biosynthetic enzyme IMPDH2. Further, radioisotope tracing revealed that this interaction function as a negative regulator for purine salvaging. Inhibition of ARL13B-IMPDH2 interaction enhances temozolomide (TMZ)-induced DNA damage by forcing GBM cells to rely on the purine salvage pathway. Targeting the ARLI3B-IMPDH2 circuit can be achieved by using an FDA-approved drug, Mycophenolate Mofetil, that can block the IMPDH2 activity and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of TMZ. Our results suggest and support clinical evaluation of MMF in combination with TMZ treatment in glioma patients.
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