Dataset Information

The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Despite a growing recognition that the type of nutrition received by preterm infants influences their intestinal microbiome and health outcomes, the microbiota of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM), and infant formula remain poorly characterized. In our study, we found that the structure of microbial communities, bacterial diversity, and relative abundances of specific genera were significantly different between MOM, PDHM, and formula. Additionally, our results suggest that the microbiota of MOM changes as a function of time and maternal factors. Lastly, we identified three lactotypes within MOM that have distinct microbial compositions and described the maternal factors associated with them. These findings set the stage for future research aimed at advancing our knowledge of the microbiota of preterm infant nutrition and the specific influence it may have on health outcomes.

SUBMITTER: Filatava EJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10746270 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI.

Filatava Evgenia Jen EJ Liu Zhongmao Z Xie Jiaojiao J Tran Dong-Binh D-B Chen Kun K El Habbal Noura N Weinstock George G Zhou Yanjiao Y Gregory Katherine E KE

mBio 20231117 6

<h4>Importance</h4>Despite a growing recognition that the type of nutrition received by preterm infants influences their intestinal microbiome and health outcomes, the microbiota of mother's own milk (MOM), pasteurized donor human milk (PDHM), and infant formula remain poorly characterized. In our study, we found that the structure of microbial communities, bacterial diversity, and relative abundances of specific genera were significantly different between MOM, PDHM, and formula. Additionally, o ...[more]

PMID: 37975676

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Project description:BackgroundStudies indicate that maternal weight status modulates human milk composition; however, results are conflicting.ObjectivesOur objective was to examine the relation between maternal body composition and human milk macronutrients and bioactive components and also their association with infant daily intakes and body composition.MethodsHuman milk samples were obtained from a longitudinal study (NCT01131117) in normal weight (NW: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, n = 88) and overweight/obese (OW: 25-35 kg/m2, n = 86) women between 0.5 and 9 mo postpartum. Macronutrient content was estimated using mid-infrared spectroscopy. Leptin, insulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Infant body composition was obtained using quantitative MRI. Linear mixed models were adjusted for postpartum age and infant sex.ResultsHuman milk in OW mothers was higher in fat and protein and lower in carbohydrate content at some time points compared with that in NW mothers. Human milk leptin, insulin, and CRP concentrations were higher in OW mothers compared with NW mothers, with infants of OW mothers exposed to 1.5-2.5 times higher concentrations of leptin and insulin compared with infants of NW mothers. Similar results were observed when concentrations were normalized to infant daily intake and body weight. The effect sizes of infant daily intakes associated with infant growth parameters were small for macronutrients [0.005-0.05 z-score units and 0.02-0.45 fat mass index (FMI) or fat-free mass index units per unit of change in composition, P < 0.05]. Larger effect sizes were seen with human milk insulin and leptin (0.24 z-score units and 0.37-1.15 FMI units per unit of change in composition, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that infants of OW mothers are exposed to higher concentrations of insulin, leptin, and, to a lesser extent, CRP. The bioavailability of these 3 human milk bioactives and their mechanisms of action in the infant are unclear.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01131117.

Project description:BackgroundThere is limited evidence from prospective cohorts in low-resource settings on the long-term impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index (PPBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) on postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and maternal and child body composition.ObjectivesWe examined the associations between PPBMI and timing of GWG on PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years and maternal and child percent body fat at 6-7 years.MethodsWe used data from the PRECONCEPT study (NCT01665378) that included prospectively collected data on 864 mother-child pairs from preconception through 6-7 years postpartum. The key outcomes were PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years, and maternal and child percent body fat at 6-7 years that was measured using bioelectric impedance. Maternal conditional GWG (CGWG) was defined as window-specific weight gains (< 20wk, 21-29wk, and ≥ 30wk), uncorrelated with PPBMI and all prior body weights. PPBMI and CGWG were calculated as standardized z-scores to allow for relative comparisons of a 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in weight gain for each window. We used multivariable linear regressions to examine the associations, adjusting for baseline demographic characteristics, intervention, breastfeeding practices, diet and physical activity.ResultsMean (SD) PPBMI and GWG were 19.7 (2.1) kg/m2 and 10.2 (4.0) kg, respectively. Average PPWR at 1, 2, and 6-7 years was 1.1, 1.5 and 4.3 kg, respectively. A one SD increase in PPBMI was associated with a decrease in PPWR at 1 year (β [95% CI]: -0.21 [-0.37, -0.04]) and 2 years (-0.20 [-0.39, -0.01]); while a one SD in total CGWG was associated with an increase in PPWR at 1 year (1.01 [0.85,1.18]), 2 years (0.95 [0.76, 1.15]) and 6-7 years (1.05 [0.76, 1.34]). Early CGWG (< 20 weeks) had the greatest association with PPWR at each time point as well as with maternal (0.67 [0.07, 0.87]) and child (0.42 [0.15, 0.69]) percent body fat at 6-7 years.ConclusionMaternal nutrition before and during pregnancy may have long-term implications for PPWR and body composition. Interventions should consider targeting women preconception and early in pregnancy to optimize maternal and child health outcomes.

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Dataset Information

The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI.

Importance

Publications

The preterm human milk microbiota fluctuates by postpartum week and is characterized by gestational age and maternal BMI.

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