Deciphering Electrolyte Dominated Na⁺ Storage Mechanisms in Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

ABSTRACT: Although hard carbon (HC) demonstrates superior initial Coulombic efficiency, cycling durability, and rate capability in ether-based electrolytes compared to ester-based electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), the underlying mechanisms responsible for these disparities remain largely unexplored. Herein, ex situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra and in situ Raman spectroscopy are combined to investigate the Na storage mechanism of HC under different electrolytes. Through deconvolving the EPR signals of Na in HC, quasi-metallic-Na is successfully differentiated from adsorbed-Na. By monitoring the evolution of different Na species during the charging/discharging process, it is found that the initial adsorbed-Na in HC with ether-based electrolytes can be effectively transform

SUBMITTER: Liu G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10754077 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature