Dataset Information

Intake of ultra-processed food, dietary diversity and the risk of nutritional inadequacy among adults in India.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study assessed diet diversity and consumption of ultra-processed foods and explored its impact on macronutrient intake and risk of micronutrient inadequacy.

Design

Cross-sectional, non-probability snowball sampling.

Setting

Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method and diet diversity through FAO-diet diversity score (DDS). Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess differences in risk of inadequacy across gender. Spearman's rank correlation assessed associations between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of nutrient inadequacy.

Participants

A total of 589 adults (20-40 years) belonging to upper-middle and high-income groups.

Results

The average individual DDS was 4·4 ± 0·6. Most of the participants (>80 %) had intakes less than national recommendations of pulses/eggs/flesh foods, milk/milk products, fruits, vegetables and nuts. Ultra-processed foods contributed to 17 % of total energy intake, 12 % of protein, 17 % of carbohydrate, 29 % of added sugar, 20 % of total fat and 33 % of Na intake. The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Zn (98 % v. 75 %), folate (67 % v. 22 %) and niacin (83 % v. 44 %) was higher among males than females (P < 0·001). The average risk of nutrient inadequacies for Fe (58 % v. 7 %), vitamin B₆ (95 % v. 90 %) and vitamin A (68 % v. 44 %) was higher among females than males (P < 0·001). There was a positive correlation between energy contributed by ultra-processed food and risk of niacin (ρ = 0·136, P = 0·001) and folate (ρ = 0·089, P = 0·049) inadequacy.

Conclusion

Reformulating ultra-processed food to reduce fat, sugar and salt and increase micronutrients and behaviour change communication strategies that promote dietary diversity will improve micronutrient adequacy and diet quality.

SUBMITTER: Mediratta S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10755415 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Intake of ultra-processed food, dietary diversity and the risk of nutritional inadequacy among adults in India.

Mediratta Srishti S Ghosh Santu S Mathur Pulkit P

Public health nutrition 20231002 12

<h4>Objective</h4>This study assessed diet diversity and consumption of ultra-processed foods and explored its impact on macronutrient intake and risk of micronutrient inadequacy.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional, non-probability snowball sampling.<h4>Setting</h4>Nutrient intake was assessed using 24-h dietary recall method and diet diversity through FAO-diet diversity score (DDS). Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to assess differences in risk of inadequacy across gender. Spearman's rank correla ...[more]

PMID: 37781767

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Project description:BackgroundBoth ultra-processed foods and animal-derived foods have been associated with mortality in some studies.ObjectivesWe aimed to examine the association of 2 dietary factors (ultra-processed foods and animal-based foods), adjusted for each other, with all-cause mortality.MethodsThe setting is an observational prospective cohort study in North America, recruited from Seventh-day Adventist churches, comprised of 95,597 men and women, yielding an analytic sample of 77,437 participants after exclusions. The exposure of interest was diet measured by FFQ, in particular 2 dietary factors: 1) proportion of dietary energy from ultra-processed foods (other processing levels and specific substitutions in some models) and 2) proportion of dietary energy from animal-based foods (red meat, poultry, fish, and eggs/dairy separately in some models). The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Mortality data through 2015 were obtained from the National Death Index. Analyses used proportional hazards regression.ResultsThere were 9293 deaths. In mutually adjusted continuous linear models of both dietary factors (ultra-processed and animal-based foods), the HR for the 90th compared with the 10th percentile of the proportion of dietary energy from ultra-processed food was 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.21, comparing 47.7% with 12.1% dietary energy), whereas for animal-based food intake (meats, dairy, eggs) it was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.07, comparing 25.0% with 0.4% dietary energy). There was no evidence of interaction (P = 0.36). Among animal-based foods, only red meat intake was associated with mortality (HR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.22, comparing 6.2% with 0% dietary energy).ConclusionsGreater consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with higher all-cause mortality in this health-conscious Adventist population with many vegetarians. The total of animal-based food consumption (meat, dairy, eggs) was not associated with mortality, but higher red meat intake was. These findings suggest that high consumption of ultra-processed foods may be an important indicator of mortality.

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Dataset Information

Intake of ultra-processed food, dietary diversity and the risk of nutritional inadequacy among adults in India.

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Intake of ultra-processed food, dietary diversity and the risk of nutritional inadequacy among adults in India.

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