Include oats, barley and soluble fibre in your diet: an achievable goal to improve cardiometabolic health.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Poppitt SD
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10777244 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Include oats, barley and soluble fibre in your diet: an achievable goal to improve cardiometabolic health.
Poppitt Sally D SD Miles-Chan Jennifer L JL
Annals of translational medicine 20230904 1
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Project description:BackgroundImmunotherapy has historically been of interest in the management of metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) because of its relative chemoresistance and the reproducible but low incidence of spontaneous remission in metastatic disease. Recently, targeted immunotherapies in the form of checkpoint inhibitors have shown durable responses in approximately 20%-30% of patients with solid tumors, with a much more acceptable side-effect profile. Anti-programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1)/programmed death receptor ligand 1 antibodies rely on the presence of host T cells in the tumor microenvironment to be stimulated in order to activate an antitumor response. The presence of tumor antigens augments this stimulation. This has led to further research into combination therapy with anti-PD-1 inhibitors and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or targeted therapy with the aim of increasing the response rate to these agents.Materials and methodsWe describe three cases of patients with mRCC treated with anti-PD-1 antibody therapy in combination with targeted therapy (bevacizumab), anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 therapy (ipilimumab), or radiotherapy. We perform a comprehensive literature review on combination immunotherapy and the scope for the future.ResultsTwo patients had a complete clinical response within 3 months of commencing treatment. The third patient had a further significant response to radiotherapy outside the field of treatment after initial response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which lasted for over 12 months.ConclusionWe are now in the era of immunotherapy with promising results in select patients. However, the number of complete remissions with single agents are low. This report demonstrates the potential for combination therapy in mRCC to produce complete responses and improved survival rates. Whether these results equate to cure in a subset of patients requires longer follow-up. Further evaluation of dosing regimens, sequencing methods, and biomarkers to select patient population is required to advance this treatment strategy.Implications for practiceMultiple phase I-III studies exploring the benefit of combination immunotherapy are currently under way. Further research into predictive biomarkers to identify the cohort of patients who gain this benefit is pertinent. This case series demonstrates that the combination of immunotherapy with other treatments can lead to complete responses, even in patients with initially bulky disease. Combination therapy with immunotherapy seems to cause more durable responses in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer compared with monotherapy. Significantly longer follow-up is necessary to determine whether durable complete response confers a cure in a select group of patients.
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Project description:Despite rising interest on the concept of societal resilience and its measurement, little has been done to provide operational indicators. Importantly, an evidence-based approach to assess the suitability of indicators remains unexplored. Furthermore few approaches that exist do not investigate indicators of psychological resilience, which is emerging as an important component of societal resilience to disasters. Disasters are events which overwhelm local capacities, often producing human losses, injury and damage to the affected communities. As climate hazards and disasters are likely to increase in the coming decades, strengthening the capacity of societies to withstand these shocks and recover quickly is vital. In this review, we search the Web of Knowledge to summarize the evidence on indicators of psychological resilience to disasters and provided a qualitative assessment of six selected studies. We find that an evidence-based approach using features from systematic reviews is useful to compile, select and assess the evidence and elucidate robust indicators. We conclude that strong social support received after a disaster is associated with an increased psychological resilience whereas a female gender is connected with a decrease in the likelihood of a resilient outcome. These results are consistent across disaster settings and cultures and are representative of approximately 13 million disaster-exposed civilians of adult age. An approach such as this that collects and evaluates evidence will allow indicators of resilience to be much more revealing and useful in the future. They will provide a robust basis to prioritize indicators to act upon through intersectoral policies and post-disaster public health interventions.
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| S-EPMC10777247 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Pure oats are generally accepted to be safe for most celiac patients, and consumption of oats provides advantageous dietary fibers. However, oats can be contaminated by gluten proteins from wheat, barley, and/or rye. The analytical challenge lies in the reliability of the quantification method and how to maintain the contamination level under a gluten-free food threshold of 20 mg/kg. In this study, we investigated barley-spiked oat flour samples at four levels using four gluten ELISA kits. The largest recovery variance was with the R5 kit that gave 5-6 times overestimation; the G12 kit cross-reacted with oat proteins and gave 4-5 times overestimation at all spiked levels. The Total Gluten and Morinaga kits gave satisfactory recoveries. Total barley hordeins were isolated and characterized to be used as a common calibrator in all four kits aiming at harmonizing the results and to test the kits' performance. Immunoblotting of total hordein isolate revealed that Total Gluten and Morinaga antibodies provided an overall detection, while R5 and G12 antibodies recognized specific hordein groups leading to a larger difference when wheat and barley were used as the calibrant. Calibration with total hordein isolate corrected the overestimation problem and decreased the variability between the four gluten kits.
| S-EPMC8880376 | biostudies-literature
Project description:See Article Choi et al.
| S-EPMC6818045 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionEmergency nephrectomy has been the time-honored treatment of choice for emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), a fatal gas-forming necrotizing infection. Recent years have seen a shift toward nonextirpative approach aimed to achieve higher rates of renal salvage, limiting the indications for nephrectomy to severe grades of the disease. This study aimed at analyzing the role of initial renal preserving measures algorithmically applied across grades of EPN.Materials and methodsWe prospectively analyzed the clinical data and outcome of 36 consecutive patients of EPN in 5 years' study period, treated by renal preserving measures, which include aggressive resuscitation, parenteral antibiotics, effective drainage of infected fluid/gas, and relieving the urinary tract obstruction. Huang-Tseng computed tomography-based classification system was used to categorize the patients as well as to employ suitable treatment modality.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 57.5 ± 12 years with female preponderance (2:1). Diabetes mellitus (97%) was the most common associated factor. Escherichia coli was (72%) the most frequent causative organism found. Urinary tract obstruction was seen in 27 patients (75%) attributable to ureteric calculi, renal papillary necrosis, ureteric stricture, and fungal bezoar in the descending order of frequency. Only 2 (6%) out of 36 patients managed according to our hospital renal salvage protocol required salvage nephrectomy. The overall survival rate was 94%.ConclusionOur hospital-based algorithmic renal preserving strategy not only improved the survival but also decreased the need for nephrectomy.
| S-EPMC7292438 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background:Although a 1-day low-fibre diet before colonoscopy is currently recommended, some endoscopists prescribe a 3-day diet. Objective:The objective of this study was to compare the influence of a 3-day versus a 1-day low-fibre diet on bowel preparation quality, patient tolerability and adherence. Methods:Outpatients scheduled for total colonoscopy were randomized in two groups, 3-day versus 1-day low-fibre diet, performing a 4-litre polyethylene glycol split-dose. The primary outcome was a reduction of inappropriate preparations in the 3-day low-fibre diet arm from 15% to 5% (bowel preparation was assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale). Secondary outcomes were adherence to, difficulty to perform, difficulty to obtain and willingness to repeat the diet. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were conducted for the primary outcome. Results:A total of 412 patients were randomized (206 per group). Bowel preparation quality was similar between groups. On ITT analysis (n = 412), adequate bowel preparation was 91.7% (3-day diet) versus 94.7% (1-day diet), p = 0.24 and on PP analysis (n = 400) 93.5% versus 96.5%, respectively, p = 0.16. Difficulty to perform the diet was significantly higher on the 3-day diet, p = 0.04. No differences were found on difficulty to obtain the diet, willingness to repeat the diet, adverse events and intra-colonoscopy findings. Conclusion:A 3-day low-fibre diet does not bring benefit to the bowel preparation quality and is harder to perform than a 1-day diet.
| S-EPMC6893996 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundGluten-free diet is the treatment of celiac disease and other gluten-related disorders and excludes wheat, rye, and barley, while oats inclusion/exclusion has long been a matter of debate. A logo or catchphrase indicating the gluten-free condition in a product is all the consumer relies on to accept the product as suitable for his/her treatment. The oat-based gluten-free products represents a small market, which may have changed, and become more limited during COVID-19 pandemic.ObjectiveTo assess gluten contamination in all labeled oat-based gluten-free local and imported products available in the market, comparing them to matched regular gluten containing counterparts. As a secondary objective, unconventional flours available in the same sale points were also assessed.ResultsThe search yielded 25 gluten-free labeled oat flours, rolled, and instant cereals, which were compared to 27 regular gluten containing equivalents. Gluten content was above the local (5 ppm) and the Codex Alimentarius cutoff (20 ppm) in 40 and 36% of the gluten-free labeled products, respectively. When all positive products were analyzed together, there were no differences in gluten content between labeled and unlabeled products. Locally produced products were more expensive, while rolled/instant oats were less contaminated than flours (p = 0.01). Precautionary labels advising presence of gluten as allergen was omitted in 37.0% of regular products. Only 33.3% of unconventional flours obtained from open markets and sold in bulk, were gluten contaminated.ConclusionOat-based gluten-free products are currently highly contaminated. It is urgent to regulate them and implement protocols that allow safe consumption of these products.
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