Dataset Information

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naive individuals with Long COVID.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Long COVID contributes to the global burden of disease. Proposed root cause hypotheses include the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoir, autoimmunity, and reactivation of latent herpesviruses. Patients have reported various changes in Long COVID symptoms after COVID-19 vaccinations, leaving uncertainty about whether vaccine-induced immune responses may alleviate or worsen disease pathology.

Methods

In this prospective study, we evaluated changes in symptoms and immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination in 16 vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID. Surveys were administered before vaccination and then at 2, 6, and 12 weeks after receiving the first vaccine dose of the primary series. Simultaneously, SARS-CoV-2-reactive TCR enrichment, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses, antibody responses to other viral and self-antigens, and circulating cytokines were quantified before vaccination and at 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination.

Results

Self-report at 12 weeks post-vaccination indicated 10 out of 16 participants had improved health, 3 had no change, 1 had worse health, and 2 reported marginal changes. Significant elevation in SARS-CoV-2-specific TCRs and Spike protein-specific IgG were observed 6 and 12 weeks after vaccination. No changes in reactivities were observed against herpes viruses and self-antigens. Within this dataset, higher baseline sIL-6R was associated with symptom improvement, and the two top features associated with non-improvement were high IFN-β and CNTF, among soluble analytes.

Conclusions

Our study showed that in this small sample, vaccination improved the health or resulted in no change to the health of most participants, though few experienced worsening. Vaccination was associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein-specific IgG and T cell expansion in most individuals with Long COVID. Symptom improvement was observed in those with baseline elevated sIL-6R, while elevated interferon and neuropeptide levels were associated with a lack of improvement.

SUBMITTER: Grady CB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10802754 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on symptoms and immune phenotypes in vaccine-naïve individuals with Long COVID.

Grady Connor B CB Bhattacharjee Bornali B Silva Julio J Jaycox Jillian J Lee Lik Wee LW Monteiro Valter Silva VS Sawano Mitsuaki M Massey Daisy D Caraballo César C Gehlhausen Jeff R JR Tabachnikova Alexandra A Mao Tianyang T Lucas Carolina C Peña-Hernandez Mario A MA Xu Lan L Tzeng Tiffany J TJ Takahashi Takehiro T Herrin Jeph J Güthe Diana Berrent DB Akrami Athena A Assaf Gina G Davis Hannah H Harris Karen K McCorkell Lisa L Schulz Wade L WL Grffin Daniel D Wei Hannah H Ring Aaron M AM Guan Leying L Cruz Charles Dela CD Iwasaki Akiko A Krumholz Harlan M HM

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 20240112

<h4>Background</h4>Long COVID contributes to the global burden of disease. Proposed root cause hypotheses include the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 viral reservoir, autoimmunity, and reactivation of latent herpesviruses. Patients have reported various changes in Long COVID symptoms after COVID-19 vaccinations, leaving uncertainty about whether vaccine-induced immune responses may alleviate or worsen disease pathology.<h4>Methods</h4>In this prospective study, we evaluated changes in symptoms and imm ...[more]

PMID: 38260484

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