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Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese.

ABSTRACT: Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body weight. Adults classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food-specific. The present study assessed motor impulsivity (ability to suppress a pre-potent response) when presented with food and neutral (non-food) cues, testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight to obese. The proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following food cues (10.8%) was significantly greater than the proportion of inhibitory failures to no-go targets following neutral cues (1.9%, p < 0.001). These differences remained when covering for sex and hunger. This indicates deficits in food-specific impulse control (as opposed to general impulse control) are present in those classified as overweight to obese. Understanding the specific aspect of impulse control that is present in this population is needed for the development of future impulse control training interventions that seek to change eating behaviors as a means for weight control.

SUBMITTER: Flack KD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10831366 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese.

Flack Kyle D KD Anderson Iii Robert E RE McFee Kylie F KF Day Bridgette T BT

Sports medicine and health science 20230901 4

Deficits in the impulse control system are an important predictor of energy intake and body weight. Adults classified as overweight to obese may possess these deficits as a general behavioral trait or they may be food-specific. The present study assessed motor impulsivity (ability to suppress a pre-potent response) when presented with food and neutral (non-food) cues, testing if deficits in motor impulsivity is specific to food cues or a general trait among participants classified as overweight ...[more]

PMID: 38314047

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Project description:Obesity has become a global health challenge also affecting reproductive health. In pregnant women, obesity increases the risk of complications such as preterm birth, macrosomia, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Moreover, obesity is associated with long-term adverse effects for the offspring, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and neurodevelopmental difficulties. The underlying mechanisms are far from understood, but placental function is essential for pregnancy outcome. Transporter proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) are important for trans-placental transport of endogenous substances like lipids and cortisol, a key hormone in tissue maturation. They also hold a protective function protecting the fetus from xenobiotics (e.g. pharmaceuticals). Animal studies suggest that maternal nutritional status can affect expression of placental transporters, but little is known about the effect on the human placenta, especially in early pregnancy. Here, we investigated if overweight and obesity in pregnant women altered mRNA expression of ABCB1 encoding P-gp or ABCG2 encoding BCRP in first trimester human placenta. With informed consent, 75 first trimester placental samples were obtained from women voluntarily seeking surgical abortion (< gestational week 12) (approval no.: 20060063). Villous samples (average gestational age 9.35 weeks) were used for qPCR analysis. For a subset (n = 38), additional villi were snap-frozen for protein analysis. Maternal BMI was defined at the time of termination of pregnancy. Compared to women with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 (n = 34), ABCB1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in placenta samples from women classified as overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, n = 18) (p = 0.040) and women classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 23) (p = 0.003). Albeit P-gp expression did not show statistically significant difference between groups, the effect of increasing BMI was the same in male and female pregnancies. To investigate if the P-gp increase was compensated, we determined the expression of ABCG2 which was unaffected by maternal obesity (p = 0.291). Maternal BMI affects ABCB1 but not ABCG2 mRNA expression in first trimester human placenta. Further studies of early placental function are needed to understand how the expression of placental transport proteins is regulated by maternal factors such as nutritional status and determine the potential consequences for placental-fetal interaction.

Dataset Information

Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese.

Publications

Characterizing motor impulsivity of individuals classified as overweight to obese.

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