Sensitivity to thyroid hormones is associated with sleep duration in the euthyroid population with depression degree lower than moderate
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Xiao X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10951236 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jan
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and sensitivity to thyroid hormones was unclear. We aimed to explore the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with thyroid hormone sensitivity in euthyroid adults. A total of 3143 subjects were included. The serum 25(OH)D, free thyroxine (FT3), free thyrotropin (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and other clinical variables were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL. Thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI), and FT3/FT4 were calculated to assess thyroid hormone sensitivity. Results showed that 58.8% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency. They had significantly higher levels of triglyceride, insulin, FT3, FT4, TSH, TFQI, PTFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than those with sufficient vitamin D (all p < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones evaluated by TFIQ, PTFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI increased by 68% (OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.45-1.95; and p < 0.001), 70% (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.46-1.97; and p < 0.001), 66% (OR: 1.66; 95%CI: 1.43-1.92; and p < 0.001), and 50% (OR: 1.50; 95%CI: 1.30-1.74; and p < 0.001), respectively, in participants with vitamin D deficiency compared with those with sufficient vitamin D after adjusting for multiple confounders. In conclusion, in euthyroid populations, vitamin D deficiency was associated with impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones.
| S-EPMC10490158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundImpaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones (TH) was associated with metabolic syndrome. The study aimed to explore the association between central TH sensitivity indices and insulin resistance (IR) in euthyroid adults with obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 293 euthyroid outpatients with obesity in Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. We used the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), thyroid stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotrophic T4 resistance index (TT4RI) to indicate central TH sensitivity. IR was assessed by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hepatic insulin resistance index (hepatic-IR), the Matsuda index, and the adipose tissue insulin resistance index (Adipo-IR). Participants were categorized according to tertiles of TH sensitivity indices. We used multiple linear regressions to explore the associations.ResultsThere was a significant stepwise increase in HOMA-IR and Adipo-IR from the lowest to the highest tertiles of TH sensitivity indices (all P<0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes, only Adipo-IR was significantly associated with TH sensitivity indices. On average, each unit increased in TFQI, TSHI, and TT4RI was associated with 1.19 (P=0.053), 1.16 (P=0.04), and 1.01 (P=0.03) units increased in Adipo-IR, respectively. There was no significant association between TH sensitivity indices and HOMA-IR, hepatic-IR, and the Matsuda index after adjustment for other risk factors.ConclusionsReduced central TH sensitivity was associated with increased adipose tissue insulin resistance in euthyroid adults with obesity. The results further confirmed the importance of TH sensitivity on metabolic diseases.
| S-EPMC11338882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundImpaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones is a newly proposed clinical entity associated with hyperuricemia in the subclinical hypothyroid population. However, it is unknown whether the association exists in the euthyroid population. This study aimed to explore the association of impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones (assessed by the thyroid feedback quantile-based index [TFQI], parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index [PTFQI], thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index [TT4RI] and thyroid-stimulating hormone index [TSHI]) with hyperuricemia and quantify the mediating effect of body mass index BMI in the euthyroid population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled Chinese adults aged ≥ 20 years who participated in the Beijing Health Management Cohort (2008-2019). Adjusted logistic regression models were used to explore the association between indices of sensitivity to thyroid hormones and hyperuricemia. Odds ratios [OR] and absolute risk differences [ARD] were calculated. Mediation analyses were performed to estimate direct and indirect effects through BMI.ResultsOf 30,857 participants, 19,031 (61.7%) were male; the mean (SD) age was 47.3 (13.3) years; and 6,515 (21.1%) had hyperuricemia. After adjusting for confounders, individuals in the highest group of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices were associated with an increased prevalence of hyperuricemia compared with the lowest group (TFQI: OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.35; PTFQI: OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.36; TT4RI: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.08-1.27; TSHI: OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21). BMI significantly mediated 32.35%, 32.29%, 39.63%, and 37.68% of the associations of TFQI, PTFQI, TT4RI and TSHI with hyperuricemia, respectively.ConclusionsOur research revealed that BMI mediated the association between impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormones and hyperuricemia in the euthyroid population. These findings could provide useful evidence for understanding the interaction between impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone and hyperuricemia in euthyroid individuals and suggest the clinical implications of weight control in terms of impaired thyroid hormones sensitivity.
| S-EPMC10320931 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background This study aimed to examine the associations of thyroid hormone sensitivity indices, including free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine (FT3/FT4) ratio, thyroid feedback quantile-based index by FT4 (TFQIFT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), and thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) with all-cause mortality in euthyroid adults. Methods The study included 6243 euthyroid adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012. FT3/FT4 ratio, TFQIFT4, TSHI, and TT4RI were calculated. The multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), and subgroup analysis were conducted. Results Individuals in quartile 4th (Q4) had lower all-cause mortality than those in quartile 1st (Q1) of FT3/FT4 ratio (OR 0.70, 95% CI (0.51, 0.94)). Regarding TFQIFT4, individuals in Q4 of TFQIFT4 had a 43% higher all-cause mortality than those in Q1 (OR 1.43, 95% CI (1.05, 1.96)) (P <0.05, all). Compared with participants in Q1, no associations of TSHI and TT4RI with mortality were found. TFQIFT4 was linearly and positively associated with mortality. However, the FT3/FT4 ratio showed a U-shaped association with mortality. Conclusions Increased risk for all-cause mortality was positively associated with TFQIFT4, suggesting that increased risk for all-cause mortality was associated with decreased central sensitivity to thyroid hormones. Furthermore, the FT3/FT4 ratio showed a U-shaped association with mortality, with an inflection point at 0.5. However, more cohort studies are needed to validate the conclusions.
| S-EPMC10895331 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimOperating far from its equilibrium resting point, the thyroid gland requires stimulation via feedback-controlled pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) secretion to maintain adequate hormone supply. We explored and defined variations in the expression of control mechanisms and physiological responses across the euthyroid reference range.MethodsWe analyzed the relational equilibria between thyroid parameters defining thyroid production and thyroid conversion in a group of 271 thyroid-healthy subjects and 86 untreated patients with thyroid autoimmune disease.ResultsIn the euthyroid controls, the FT3-FT4 (free triiodothyronine-free thyroxine) ratio was strongly associated with the FT4-TSH ratio (tau = -0.22, p < 0.001, even after correcting for spurious correlation), linking T4 to T3 conversion with TSH-standardized T4 production. Using a homeostatic model, we estimated both global deiodinase activity and maximum thyroid capacity. Both parameters were nonlinearly and inversely associated, trending in opposite directions across the euthyroid reference range. Within the panel of controls, the subgroup with a relatively lower thyroid capacity (<2.5 pmol/s) displayed lower FT4 levels, but maintained FT3 at the same concentrations as patients with higher functional and anatomical capacity. The relationships were preserved when extended to the subclinical range in the diseased sample.ConclusionThe euthyroid panel does not follow a homogeneous pattern to produce random variation among thyroid hormones and TSH, but forms a heterogeneous group that progressively displays distinctly different levels of homeostatic control across the euthyroid range. This suggests a concept of relational stability with implications for definition of euthyroidism and disease classification.
| S-EPMC5091265 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAbnormalities in thyroid function affect bowel health. However, the relationships between thyroid hormone concentrations and the risk of developing chronic diarrhea and constipation remain unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between thyroid hormone concentrations and the risk of developing chronic diarrhea and constipation in euthyroid US adults.MethodsThe data for this population-based study were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2010 datasets. The relationships between thyroid hormone concentrations and the risk of developing chronic diarrhea and constipation were examined via multivariate regression. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effects analysis were used to test for nonlinear relationships and inflection points.ResultsThis study involved 4999 participants ranging in age from 20 to 80 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between FT3 concentrations and the risk of developing chronic diarrhea [1.37 (1.00, 1.88), P=0.049]. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between FT3 concentrations and the number of bowel movements [0.84 (0.39, 1.28), P<0.001]. Using smoothed curve fitting and the two-stage regression model, we found a nonlinear relationship between FT4 concentrations and chronic diarrhea, with a breakpoint of 0.79 ng/dl.ConclusionsThere were associations between thyroid hormone concentrations and abnormal bowel habits, particularly between FT3 concentrations and the risk of developing chronic diarrhea. A higher FT3 level was associated with an increased risk of developing chronic diarrhea and more frequent bowel movements. To validate our results, further large-scale prospective studies are needed.
| S-EPMC11524803 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim was to characterise associations between circulating thyroid hormones-free thyroxine (FT4) and thyrotropin (TSH)-and the metabolite profiles in serum samples from participants of the German population-based KORA F4 study. Analyses were based on the metabolite profile of 1463 euthyroid subjects. In serum samples, obtained after overnight fasting (≥8), 151 different metabolites were quantified in a targeted approach including amino acids, acylcarnitines (ACs), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs). Associations between metabolites and thyroid hormone concentrations were analysed using adjusted linear regression models. To draw conclusions on thyroid hormone related pathways, intra-class metabolite ratios were additionally explored. We discovered 154 significant associations (Bonferroni p < 1.75 × 10-04) between FT4 and various metabolites and metabolite ratios belonging to AC and PC groups. Significant associations with TSH were lacking. High FT4 levels were associated with increased concentrations of many ACs and various sums of ACs of different chain length, and the ratio of C2 by C0. The inverse associations observed between FT4 and many serum PCs reflected the general decrease in PC concentrations. Similar results were found in subgroup analyses, e.g., in weight-stable subjects or in obese subjects. Further, results were independent of different parameters for liver or kidney function, or inflammation, which supports the notion of an independent FT4 effect. In fasting euthyroid adults, higher serum FT4 levels are associated with increased serum AC concentrations and an increased ratio of C2 by C0 which is indicative of an overall enhanced fatty acyl mitochondrial transport and β-oxidation of fatty acids.
| S-EPMC4042025 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe incidence and prevalence of hypothyroidism are increasing and the threshold for the treatment of hypothyroid as well as individuals without evident thyroid disease with thyroid hormone is declining.ObjectiveTo investigate endocrinologists' use of thyroid hormones in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients in Italy, a country where different formulations of levothyroxine (LT4; tablet, liquid solution and soft-gel capsule) are available on the market.MethodsMembers of the Associazione Medici Endocrinologi (Italian Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) were invited to participate in a web-based survey investigating the topic.ResultsA total of 797 of 2,028 (39.3%) members completed all the sections of the survey; 98.7% declared that the treatment of choice for hypothyroidism is LT4. A significant minority (37.3%) indicated that LT4 may be considered in infertile euthyroid women seeking pregnancy and harbouring positive thyroperoxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and in goitre increasing in size (18.1%). LT4 + LT3 was considered by 43.2% for LT4-replaced patients and normal TSH, if they reported persistent symptoms. High percentages of respondents chose LT4 in a liquid solution or soft-gel capsules when taken together with other drugs interfering with LT4 absorption (81.8%), in patients with a history of celiac disease, malabsorption, lactose intolerance, intolerance to common excipients (96.6%), or unexplained poor biochemical control of hypothyroidism (74.4%), or in patients not able to adhere to ingesting LT4 fasted and/or separated from food/drink (98.9%). In total, 43.6% of responders would use LT4 in a liquid solution or soft-gel capsules for hypothyroid patients with biochemical euthyroidism on LT4, who had persistent symptoms.ConclusionsThe preferred treatment for hypothyroidism is LT4; LT3 + LT4 combination treatment is mainly considered in patients with persistent symptoms. A significant minority would offer LT4 to euthyroid women with positive TPOAb and infertility and to euthyroid patients with progressive simple goitre. Alternative LT4 formulations like liquid solution or soft-gel capsules are largely reserved for specific conditions (interfering drugs, actual or suspected malabsorption, inability to take LT4 in the fasting state, unexplained poor biochemical control of hypothyroidism).
| S-EPMC7024857 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimThyroid dysfunction is closely associated with periodontitis. We aim to explore the association between sensitivity to thyroid hormones (THs) and periodontitis and to investigate the mediating role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] in this relationship in Chinese euthyroid populations.MethodsThis population-based retrospective study included 2,530 euthyroid participants. Central sensitivity to THs was assessed by the thyroid feedback quantile-based index (TFQI), parametric thyroid feedback quantile-based index (PTFQI), thyrotrophic thyroxine resistance index (TT4RI) and thyroid-stimulating hormone index (TSHI), while FT3/FT4 was evaluated to assess peripheral sensitivity. Multivariable regression analysis and restricted cubic spline were performed to explore the association between sensitivity to THs and periodontitis. Threshold effect and subgroup analysis were also conducted. Mediation analysis was performed to estimate direct and indirect effects through 25(OH)D.ResultsMultivariable regression analysis indicated that central sensitivity to THs indices(per SD increase) were positively associated with periodontitis risk [TFQI: OR=1.19,95% CI (1.09, 1.31); PTFQI: OR=1.22, 95% CI(1.12,1.34); TSHI: OR=1.36, 95% CI (1.21,1.52); TT4RI: OR=1.43, 95% CI (1.25,1.63)](all P value<0.001). TT4RI only had a non-linear relationship with periodontitis in euthyroid participants. Subgroup analysis showed that no significant correlations were founded among those aged over 65 years or with hypertension/diabetes. Mediation analysis revealed that the proportions mediated by 25(OH)D on the association of TFQI, PTFQI,TSHI, TT4RI and periodontitis risk were 16.37%, 16.43%, 9.93% and 10.21%, respectively.ConclusionsImpaired central sensitivity to THs is positively associated with periodontitis in euthyroid and serum 25(OH)D might be one of its biological mechanisms.
| S-EPMC11557418 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between sleep characteristics and college degree attainment. Participants were 968 college students (72% female; mean age 19.7 [1.7]). Participants completed a psychosocial and sleep questionnaire battery followed by one week of daily sleep diaries. Academic degree completion data was obtained from the university registrar 10 years later. Logistic regression examined whether mean and variability in sleep duration and sleep efficiency and insomnia symptoms predicted degree attainment, adjusting for age, gender, semester, grade point average (GPA), and perceived stress. The strongest predictors of degree attainment were female gender (OR = 0.67), greater age (OR = 1.32), GPA (OR = 1.97), and lower intraindividual variability in sleep duration (OR = 0.99). Results highlight the importance of examining variability in sleep duration in addition to mean sleep duration in predicting college retention. Future research should use a combination of objective and subjective measures to explore the impact of sleep factors, including variability, on degree completion and other academic metrics.
| S-EPMC10578456 | biostudies-literature