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Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021.

ABSTRACT: BackgroundEpidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection remains inadequately understood.AimWe aimed to characterise NG epidemiology in Europe.MethodsWe used Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to systematically review, report, synthesise and analyse NG prevalence data from 1949 to 30 September 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence. Meta-regression analyses investigated associations and sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThe 844 included publications yielded 1,573 prevalence measures. Pooled prevalence of current urogenital infection was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.7-1.2%) among general populations, 3.2% (95% CI: 1.8-4.8%) among female sex workers, 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2-5.6%) among sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees and 12.1% (95% CI: 8.8-15.8%) among symptomatic men. Among men who have sex with men, pooled prevalence was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5-1.4%), 5.6% (95% CI: 3.6-8.1%), and 3.8% (95% CI: 2.5-5.4%), respectively, for current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection. Current urogenital, anorectal or oropharyngeal infection was 1.45-fold (95% CI: 1.19-1.77%), 2.75-fold (95% CI: 1.89-4.02%) and 2.64-fold (95% CI: 1.77-3.93%) higher among men than women. Current urogenital infection declined 0.97-fold (95% CI: 0.96-0.98%) yearly, but anorectal and oropharyngeal infection increased (1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04% and 1.02-fold; 95% CI: 1.00-1.04%), respectively.ConclusionsNeisseria gonorrhoeae epidemiology in Europe has distinct and contrasting epidemiologies for vaginal sex transmission in heterosexual sex networks vs anal and oral sex transmission in MSM sexual networks. Increased transmission may facilitate drug-resistant strain emergence. Europe is far from achieving the World Health Organization target of 90% incidence reduction by 2030.

SUBMITTER: Chidiac O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10986664 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021.

Chidiac Omar O AlMukdad Sawsan S Harfouche Manale M Harding-Esch Emma E Abu-Raddad Laith J LJ

Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin 20240201 9

BackgroundEpidemiology of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (NG) infection remains inadequately understood.AimWe aimed to characterise NG epidemiology in Europe.MethodsWe used Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to systematically review, report, synthesise and analyse NG prevalence data from 1949 to 30 September 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled prevalence. Meta-regression analyses investigated associations and sources of heterogeneity.ResultsThe 844 included publications yielded 1,573 p ...[more]

PMID: 38426239

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Project description:BackgroundPneumoconiosis is the most widely distributed occupational disease worldwide. China is currently the largest coal producer and consumer and the country with the most coal miners and cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP). Despite more than 70 years of effort, the problem of CWP and silicosis remains serious. There is a lack of analysis of direct data on coal miners' pneumoconiosis from all over the country. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of coal miners' pneumoconiosis and reveal some important clues regarding its social determinants.MethodsThe annual incidence rate, 20-year prevalence rate, and incidence rate of coal miners' pneumoconiosis per million tons in China from 1949 to 2021 were calculated by using the data of annual number of coal miners' pneumoconiosis diagnosed and reported from the coal mining and dressing industry, the number of coal miners, and the raw coal production, and the relationship between the incident cases of coal miners' pneumoconiosis and the death toll from coal mine safety accidents was analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, with the aim of exploring the relationship between the incident cases of coal miners' pneumoconiosis and its social determinants with an ecological study.ResultsFrom 1949 to 2021, there have been more than 462,000 patients with coal miners' pneumoconiosis in China, showing double U-shaped distributions with an increasing trend, accounting for about 50.5% (462,000/915,000) of all diagnosed pneumoconiosis in China, while the incidencet rate of coal miners' pneumoconiosis presents a large W shaped distribution with three peaks over a time span of more than 50 years. From 1949 to 1986, there was a strong correlation between the incident cases of coal miners' pneumoconiosis and raw coal production, the number of coal miners, and the number of deaths from coal mine accidents (r = 0.849, P < 0.001; r = 0.817, P < 0.001; r = 0.697, P < 0.001, respectively), but there was no such correlation found from 1987 to 2006. It was estimated that the annual incidence rate of coal miners' pneumoconiosis in China from 2016 to 2020 was 3.4‰ (95% CI: 2.6-4.3‰), and the prevalence rate across the recent 20-year observation period was 4.8% (95% CI: 4.6-4.9%), both measured at the peak or around the peak over the 70 years. In particular, 1963, 1986, 2006, and 2009 were the four important turning points in time.ConclusionThere was a sustained high level of incident cases of coal miners' pneumoconiosis with double U-shaped curve in China, which may be affected by a variety of social determinants and risk factors.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a Nairovirus. CCHF is a tick-borne disease that is predominantly associated with Hyalomma ticks and have a widespread distribution in Africa, Asia and Europe. CCHF usually presents as a subclinical disease, but in some cases, it may present as a hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate. This systematic review of the literature was performed to identify the available evidence on the prevalence of CCHF in the European Region of the World Health Organization, based on seroprevalence (IgG antibodies). METHODOLOGY:A systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement protocol. PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science were used for the search (up to January 31, 2019), combining the following MeSH terms: ["Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever" OR "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus" OR "Congo-Crimea" OR "Crimea-Congo"] AND ["Europe"] AND ["epidemiology" OR "seroprevalence"]. The abstracts were screened. Subsequently, full-text articles were selected and reviewed based on the PICOS (Population-Intervention-Comparison-Outcomes-Study type) criteria by two independent reviewers for inclusion in the final analysis. The data were qualitatively synthesized without quantitative pooling due to the heterogeneity in the study populations and methodologies. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Thirty articles (9 from western Europe, 18 from central Europe and 3 from eastern Europe) were included in the analysis. All articles were cross-sectional studies (descriptive studies). CONCLUSIONS:The highest seroprevalence of CCHF is found in central and eastern European countries. Southern and western Europe countries, such as Greece and Spain, have low levels of endemicity, but the spread of the infection, which is associated with climate change, is a possibility that we should keep in mind. Further studies, especially larger seroprevalence studies in humans and animals, are needed to establish the current status of the CCHF epidemiology and to generate standardized guidelines for action in the region.

Project description:BackgroundHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a globally prevalent, life-long, sexually transmitted infection. This study characterized HSV-2 seroprevalence in Europe for various at-risk populations and proportions of HSV-2 detection in genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes. Data on neonatal herpes and HSV-2's contribution to HIV transmission were also reviewed.MethodsCochrane and PRISMA guidelines were followed to systematically review, synthesize, and report HSV-2 related findings. The search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases up to February 20, 2022. Any publication reporting data on the outcome measures was included. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted.Findings211 relevant reports were identified, including 12 overall incidence measures, 294 overall (813 stratified by factors such as age and sex) seroprevalence measures, 13 overall (15 stratified by sex) proportions of HSV-2 detection in clinically diagnosed GUD, and 70 overall (183 stratified by factors such as age and sex) proportions of HSV-2 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.5-13.3%) among general populations, 27.8% (95% CI: 17.5-39.4%) among men who have sex with men, 46.0% (95% CI: 40.1-51.8%) among people living with HIV and people in HIV discordant couples, and 63.2% (95% CI: 55.5-70.6%) among female sex workers. Most measures showed heterogeneity in HSV-2 seroprevalence. The pooled mean seroprevalence among general populations increased with age and was 0.65-fold (95% CI: 0.58-0.74) lower in men than women. Seroprevalence decreased by 1% per calendar year. Pooled mean proportions of HSV-2 detection in GUD and in genital herpes were 22.0% (95% CI: 15.3-29.6%) and 66.0% (95% CI: 62.9-69.1%), respectively. HSV-2 detection in genital herpes cases was 1.21-fold (95% CI: 1.10-1.32) higher in men compared to women and decreased by 1% per calendar year. Incidence of neonatal herpes indicated an increasing trend.InterpretationAlthough seroprevalence is declining, a significant proportion of Europe's population is infected with HSV-2. HSV-2 accounts for approximately one-fifth of GUD cases and two-thirds of genital herpes cases. Findings support the need to invest in HSV-2 vaccine development, and sexual and reproductive health services.FundingQatar National Research Fund [NPRP 9-040-3-008] and pilot funding from the Biomedical Research Program at Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar supported this study.

Dataset Information

Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021.

Publications

Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions, World Health Organization European Region, 1949 to 2021.

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