Dataset Information

Post-exercise hot or cold water immersion does not alter perception of effort or neuroendocrine responses during subsequent moderate-intensity exercise.

ABSTRACT: Post-exercise hot (HWI) and cold (CWI) water immersion are popular strategies used by athletes in a range of sporting contexts, such as enhancing recovery or adaptation. However, prolonged heating bouts increase neuroendocrine responses that are associated with perceptions of fatigue. Fourteen endurance-trained runners performed three trials consisting of two 45-min runs at 95% lactate threshold on a treadmill separated by 6 h of recovery. Following the first run, participants completed one of HWI (30 min, 40°C), CWI (15 min, 14°C) or control (CON, 30 min rest in ambient conditions) in a randomised order. Perceived effort and recovery were measured using ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the Acute Recovery and Stress Scale (ARSS), whilst physiological responses including venous concentrations of a range of neuroendocrine markers, superficial femoral blood flow, heart rate and rectal temperature were measured. Exercise increased neuroendocrine responses of interleukin-6, adrenaline and noradrenaline (all P < 0.001). Additionally, perceptions of overall recovery (P < 0.001), mental performance capacity (P = 0.02), physical performance capability (P = 0.01) and emotional balance (P = 0.03) were reduced prior to the second run. However, there was no effect of condition on these variables (P > 0.05), nor RPE (P = 0.68), despite differences in rectal temperature, superficial femoral blood flow following the first run, and participants' expected recovery prior to the intervention (all P < 0.001). Therefore, athletes may engage in post-exercise hot or cold-water immersion without negatively impacting moderate-intensity training sessions performed later the same day.

SUBMITTER: Menzies C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11363106 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Post-exercise hot or cold water immersion does not alter perception of effort or neuroendocrine responses during subsequent moderate-intensity exercise.

Menzies Campbell C Clarke Neil D ND Pugh Christopher J A CJA Steward Charles J CJ Thake C Douglas CD Cullen Tom T

Experimental physiology 20240706 9

Post-exercise hot (HWI) and cold (CWI) water immersion are popular strategies used by athletes in a range of sporting contexts, such as enhancing recovery or adaptation. However, prolonged heating bouts increase neuroendocrine responses that are associated with perceptions of fatigue. Fourteen endurance-trained runners performed three trials consisting of two 45-min runs at 95% lactate threshold on a treadmill separated by 6 h of recovery. Following the first run, participants completed one of H ...[more]

PMID: 38970776

Similar Datasets

Project description:AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Exercise represents an effective interventional strategy to improve glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the impact of exercise intensity on the benefits of exercise training remains to be established. In the present study, we compared the clinical benefits of 6 months of continuous low- to moderate-intensity exercise training with those of continuous moderate- to high-intensity exercise training, matched for energy expenditure, in obese type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: Fifty male obese type 2 diabetes patients (age 59 +/- 8 years, BMI 32 +/- 4 kg/m(2)) participated in a 6 month continuous endurance-type exercise training programme. All participants performed three supervised exercise sessions per week, either 55 min at 50% of whole body peak oxygen uptake (VO(2)peak (low to moderate intensity) or 40 min at 75% of VO(2)peak (moderate to high intensity). Oral glucose tolerance, blood glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, body composition, maximal workload capacity, whole body and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and skeletal muscle fibre type composition were assessed before and after 2 and 6 months of intervention. RESULTS: The entire 6 month intervention programme was completed by 37 participants. Continuous endurance-type exercise training reduced blood glycated haemoglobin levels, LDL-cholesterol concentrations, body weight and leg fat mass, and increased VO(2)peak, lean muscle mass and skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase activity (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups training at low to moderate or moderate to high intensity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: When matched for energy cost, prolonged continuous low- to moderate-intensity endurance-type exercise training is equally effective as continuous moderate- to high-intensity training in lowering blood glycated haemoglobin and increasing whole body and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in obese type 2 diabetes patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN32206301 FUNDING: None.

Project description:With the growing popularity of cold brewed coffee comes a need for brewing efficiency while preserving the desirable flavor profile. Despite the wide use of full immersion brewing techniques, the effect of brew time on the dynamic sensory profiles of full immersion brewed coffee remains underexplored. Here, we investigated the relationship between coffee sensory quality and extraction dynamics, measured as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Extraction (E) of full immersion brewed coffee at various roast levels, and brewing temperatures (4 °C, 22 °C and 92 °C), over brew time using a generic descriptive analysis method. Specifically, different brew time points were selected for different temperatures based on five targeted coffee extraction stages. Furthermore, the unique experimental design also explored a sensory-driven engineering research process. Roast level had the greatest impact on the sensory profile of the coffees, followed by brewing temperature, but brew time, especially the longer brew times as TDS plateaued, had subtler impacts than expected. Twenty-five of 28 sensory attributes were significantly different among the 30 coffee samples, indicating a single source green coffee blend can produce a wide range of complex sensory profiles using different combinations of roast level, temperature, and brew time. Specifically, the intensity of sweetness was negatively correlated with TDS, and 19 other attribute intensities were positively correlated with TDS. Interestingly, we found that certain long time cold brews had similar sensory profiles to those of some short time hot brews, suggesting the sensory profiles of certain hot brews and cold brews could possibly be matched through controlled preparation. Overall, our study demonstrated an approach of integrating food engineering and sensory analysis for product development, and our findings provide valuable insights into the extraction dynamics and sensory quality of full immersion brewed coffee and opens new brewing avenues for the coffee industry.

Project description:Heat acclimation by post-exercise hot water immersion (HWI) on six consecutive days reduces thermal strain and improves exercise performance during heat stress. However, the retention of adaptations by this method remains unknown. Typically, adaptations to short-term, exercise-heat-acclimation (<7 heat exposures) decay rapidly and are lost within 2 weeks. Short-term protocols should therefore be completed within 2 weeks of relocating to the heat; potentially compromising pre-competition/deployment training. To establish whether adaptations from post-exercise HWI are retained for up to 2 weeks, participants completed a 40-min treadmill run at 65% max in the heat (33°C, 40% RH) before (PRE) and 24 h after (POST) the HWI intervention (n = 13) and then at 1 week (WK 1) and 2 weeks (WK 2) after the HWI intervention (n = 9). Heat acclimation involved a 40-min treadmill run (65% max) on six consecutive days in temperate conditions (20°C), followed by ≤40 min HWI (40°C). Post-exercise HWI induced heat acclimation adaptations that were retained for at least 2 weeks, evidenced by reductions from PRE to WK 2 in: resting rectal core temperature (T re, -0.36 ± 0.25°C), T re at sweating onset (-0.26 ± 0.24°C), and end-exercise T re (-0.36 ± 0.37°C). Furthermore, mean skin temperature (T sk) (-0.77 ± 0.70°C), heart rate (-14 ± 10 beats⋅min-1), rating of perceived exertion (-1 ± 2), and thermal sensation (-1 ± 1) were reduced from PRE to WK 2 (P < 0.05). However, PRE to POST changes in total hemoglobin mass, blood volume, plasma volume, the drive for sweating onset, sweating sensitivity and whole body sweating rate did not reach significance (P > 0.05). As such, the reduction in thermal strain during exercise-heat stress appears likely due to the reduction in resting T re evident at POST, WK 1, and WK 2. In summary, 6 days of post-exercise HWI is an effective, practical and accessible heat acclimation strategy that induces adaptations, which are retained for at least 2 weeks. Therefore, post-exercise HWI can be completed during an athlete's pre-taper phase and does not suffer from the same practical limitations as short-term, exercise-heat-acclimation.

Dataset Information

Post-exercise hot or cold water immersion does not alter perception of effort or neuroendocrine responses during subsequent moderate-intensity exercise.

Publications

Post-exercise hot or cold water immersion does not alter perception of effort or neuroendocrine responses during subsequent moderate-intensity exercise.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets