Dataset Information

Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

Mechanical alignment of the lower limbs has been suggested to cause abnormal uneven loading across the compartments at the knee, but its contribution to the initiation and progression of arthritis remains controversial. This study aimed to establish whether malalignment of the lower limb after trauma is associated with worsened arthritis scores in the theoretically overloaded compartment, and if arthritis scores continuously correlate with the degree of malalignment and time with deformity.

Design

After screening 1160 X-rays, 60 patients were identified with long-leg radiographs > 2 years after fracture. Measurement of mechanical axis deviation (MAD) divided into groups of varus malalignment (n = 16, >16 mm), valgus (n = 25, <0 mm), and normal alignment (n = 19). Alignment and bilateral knee compartmental arthritis scores were recorded by three clinicians, compared via analysis of variance and assessed with linear regression against time since injury using MAD as a covariate.

Results

In varus and valgus malalignment, there was a greater mean arthritis score in the "overloaded" compartment compared to the contralateral side, with varus medial Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores 5.17 ± 2.91 vs 3.50 ± 2.72 (P = 0.006) and Kellegren-Lawrence scores 2.65 ± 1.19 vs 1.79 ± 1.24 (P ≤ 0.001). In a linear regression model, OARSI arthritis score was significantly associated with absolute MAD (0.6/10 mm MAD, P < 0.001) and time (0.7/decade, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

Malalignment consistently results in more advanced arthritis scores in the overloaded compartment, most likely related to abnormal loading across the knee. Severity of arthritis using OARSI grading continuously correlates with degree of malalignment and time with deformity after post-traumatic malunion.

SUBMITTER: Visscher LE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11368894 | biostudies-literature | 2024 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment.

Visscher Luke E LE McCarthy Cathal C White Jordy J Tetsworth Kevin K

Cartilage 20231017 2

<h4>Objective</h4>Mechanical alignment of the lower limbs has been suggested to cause abnormal uneven loading across the compartments at the knee, but its contribution to the initiation and progression of arthritis remains controversial. This study aimed to establish whether malalignment of the lower limb after trauma is associated with worsened arthritis scores in the theoretically overloaded compartment, and if arthritis scores continuously correlate with the degree of malalignment and time wi ...[more]

PMID: 37846509

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Project description:BackgroundTotal ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is becoming a more prevalent treatment for end-stage ankle arthritis. However, the effects of malalignment on TAA remain poorly understood.Questions/purposesThe purpose of this study was to quantify the mechanical effects of coronal plane malalignment of the tibial insert in TAA using cadaveric gait simulation. Specifically, we asked, is there a change in (1) ankle joint congruency, (2) kinematic joint position, (3) kinematic ROM, (4) peak plantar pressure, and (5) center of pressure with varus and valgus malalignment?MethodsA modified TAA was implanted into seven cadaveric foot specimens. Wedges were used to simulate coronal plane malalignment of the tibial insert. The degree of malalignment (tibial insert angle [TIA] and talar component angle [TCA]) was quantified radiographically for neutral and 5°, 10°, and 15° varus and valgus wedges. Dynamic walking at 1/6 of physiological speed was simulated using a robotic gait simulator. A motion capture system was used to measure foot kinematics, and a pressure mat was used to measure plantar pressure. Joint congruency was quantified as the difference between TIA and TCA. Continuous joint position, joint ROM, peak plantar pressure, and center of pressure for varus and valgus malalignment compared with neutral alignment were estimated using linear mixed effects regression. Pairwise comparisons between malalignment conditions and neutral were considered significant if both the omnibus test for the overall association between outcome and malalignment and the individual pairwise comparison (adjusted for multiple comparisons within a given outcome) had p ≤ 0.05.ResultsDescriptively, the TIA and TCA were both less pronounced than the wedge angle and component incongruence was seen (R = 0.65; p < 0.001). Varus malalignment of the tibial insert shifted the tibiotalar joint into varus and internally rotated the joint. The tibiotalar joint's ROM slightly increased as the TIA shifted into varus (1.3 ± 0.7° [mean ± SD] [95% confidence interval -0.7 to 3.4]; p = 0.03), and the first metatarsophalangeal joint's ROM decreased as the TIA shifted into varus (-1.9 ± 0.9° [95% CI -5.6 to 1.7]; p = 0.007). In the sagittal plane, the naviculocuneiform joint's ROM slightly decreased as the TIA shifted into varus (-0.9 ± 0.4° [95% CI -2.1 to 0.3]; p = 0.017). Hallux pressure increased as the TIA became more valgus (59 ± 50 kPa [95% CI -88 to 207]; p = 0.006). The peak plantar pressure slightly decreased in the third and fourth metatarsals as the TIA shifted into valgus (-15 ± 17° [95% CI -65 to 37]; p = 0.03 and -8 ± 4° [95% CI -17 to 1]; p = 0.048, respectively). The fifth metatarsal's pressure slightly decreased as the TIA shifted into valgus (-18 ± 12 kPa [95% CI -51 to 15]) or varus (-7 ± 18 kPa [95% CI -58 to 45]; p = 0.002). All comparisons were made to the neutral condition.ConclusionsIn this cadaver study, coronal plane malalignment in TAA altered foot kinematics and plantar pressure. In general, varus TAA malalignment led to varus shift and internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint, a slight increase in the tibiotalar ROM, and a slight decrease in the first metatarsophalangeal ROM, while a valgus TAA malalignment was manifested primarily through increased hallux pressure with a slight off-loading of the third and fourth metatarsals.Clinical relevanceThis study may increase our understanding of the biomechanical processes that underlie the unfavorable clinical outcomes (such as, poor patient-reported outcomes or implant loosening) that have been associated with coronal plane malalignment of the tibial component in TAA.

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Project description:PurposeTo describe a strategy for coronal alignment using a computed tomography (CT) based custom total knee arthroplasty (TKA) system, and to evaluate the agreement between the planned and postoperative Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA) angle, Femoral Mechanical Angle (FMA) and Tibial Mechanical Angle (TMA).MethodsFrom a consecutive series of 918 primary TKAs, 266 (29%) knees received CT-based posterior-stabilized cemented custom TKA. In addition to a preoperative CT-scan, pre- and post-operative radiographs of weight-bearing long leg, anterior-posterior and lateral views of the knee were obtained, on which the FMA, TMA and HKA angles were measured. CT-based three-dimensional (3D) models enabled to correct for cases with bony wear by referring to the non-worn areas and to estimate the native pre-arthritic angles. The alignment technique aimed to preserve or restore constitutional alignment (CA) within predetermined limits, by defining a 'target zone' based on three criteria: 1) a ± 3° (range 87°-93°) primary tolerance for the femoral and tibial resections; 2) a ± 2° secondary tolerance for component obliquity, extending the bounds for FMA and TMA (range 85°-95°); 3) a planned HKA angle range of 175°-183°. Agreement between preoperative, planned and postoperative measurements of FMA, TMA and HKA angle were calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC).ResultsPreoperative radiograph and CT-scan measurements revealed that, respectively, 73 (28%) and 103 (40%) knees were in the 'target zone', whereas postoperative radiographs revealed that 217 (84%) TKAs were in the 'target zone'. Deviation from the planned angles were - 0.5° ± 1.8° for FMA, - 0.5° ± 1.8° for TMA, and - 1.1° ± 2.1° for HKA angle. Finally, the agreement between the planned and achieved targets, indicated by ICC, were good for FMA (0.701), fair for TMA (0.462) and fair for HKA angle (0.472).ConclusionUsing this strategy for coronal alignment, 84% of custom TKAs were within the 'target zone' for FMA, TMA and HKA angles. These findings support the concepts of emerging personalized medicine technologies, and emphasise the importance of accurate strategies for preoperative planning, which are key to achieving satisfactory 'personalised alignment' that can further be improved by customisation of implant components.Level of evidenceIV.

Project description:BackgroundReasons for dissatisfaction with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) include unequal flexion or extension gap, soft tissue imbalance, and patella maltracking, which often occur with mismatch between femoral and tibial coronal bony alignment in the knee joint or extremely varus or valgus alignment. However, lower limb coronal alignment classification is based only on hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), leading to oversight regarding a mismatch between femoral and tibial coronal alignment. We aimed to classify alignment of the lower limbs according to the mechanical alignment of the femur and tibia in a healthy population.MethodsAll 214 normal triple films were reviewed retrospectively. HKAA, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), angle between the femoral anatomical axis and the mechanical axis (AA-MA), and knee alignment angle (KAA) were measured. Subjects were categorized into one of five types based on the mechanical alignment of femur and tibia.ResultsMean HKAA, mLDFA, and mMPTA of all subjects were 1.2°, 87.3°, and 85.8°, respectively. All subjects were classified into one of five types with significant differences (p < 0.001). About 61% of subjects showed neutral alignment, of which nearly 40% were type 2 (valgus of the femur and varus of the tibia with oblique joint line: mLDFA 85.0° ± 1.4°, mMPTA 85.1° ± 1.2°, TJLA 2.7° ± 2.4°) and 60% exhibited neutral alignment with a neutral femur and tibia (type 1). In varus and valgus types, mismatch between the mechanical angle of the femur and tibia was common. Varus alignment, including types 3 (varus of the tibia: mLDFA 88.0° ± 1.4°, mMPTA 83.5° ± 1.6°) and 4 (varus of both the tibia and femur: mLDFA 91.4° ± 1.4°, mMTPA 85.2° ± 2.0°), was found in 30% of subjects. Valgus alignment (type 5 valgus of femur: mLDFA 84.6° ± 1.6°, mMPTA 88.8° ± 2.0°) accounted for 8.9% of all subjects.ConclusionsMismatch between mechanical alignment of the femur and tibia was common in varus and valgus alignment types. Joint line obliquity was also observed in 40% of the neutral alignment population. This classification provides a quick, simple interpretation of femoral and tibial coronal alignment, and more detailed guidance for preoperative planning for TKA than the traditional varus-neutral-valgus classification.

Dataset Information

Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment.

Objective

Design

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Asymmetric Post-Traumatic Knee Arthritis Is Closely Correlated With Both Severity and Time for Lower Limb Coronal Plane Malalignment.

Similar Datasets

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