Progesterone and Estradiol Levels Associated with Concussion and Clinical Outcomes and Recovery in Female Athletes and Cadets.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Female athletes are underrepresented in concussion research, and few studies have investigated associations of ovarian hormones with concussion outcomes. This study explored associations of concussion with levels and variability of progesterone, estradiol, and their ratio (P/E) and examined relationships of hormone levels with clinical measures and recovery after concussion in CARE Consortium female athletes and cadets.

Methods

Female participants enrolled ( n = 749) at pre-injury baseline. Participants with concussion (mean age, 19.34 yr; n = 130, 90 athletes, 40 nonathlete cadets) completed one or more visits at nonstandardized times of day: immediately post-injury, 24 h post-injury, upon initiating the return-to-play protocol (Init RTP), and 7 d following unr

SUBMITTER: Goeckner BD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC11828682 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature