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Association between household second-hand smoke and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa.

ABSTRACT: The reduction of maternal and child morbidity and mortality is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (especially goal 3 - wellbeing of mothers and children) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Exposure to household second-hand smoke (SHS) has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, yet limited evidence exists on its impact on low birth weight (LBW) in SSA. This study examines the association between household SHS exposure and LBW across ten SSA countries using recent national survey data. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from ten SSA countries collected between 2020 and 2024. The sample included 45,684 women aged 15-49 who had given birth in the five years preceding the surveys. The primary outcome variable was LBW, defined as birth weight <2500 grams. SHS exposure was determined based on household smoking behavior. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), controlling for maternal, household, and reproductive health factors. Overall, 6.3% of women reported exposure to SHS, and 11.9% of births were classified as LBW. After adjusting for potential confounders, SHS exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of LBW (AOR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.12-1.46, p < 0.01). The association was particularly pronounced in urban areas (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.17-1.65, p < 0.01). Other significant predictors of LBW included maternal age < 20 years, lower educational attainment, low antenatal care (ANC) attendance, and socioeconomic status. Household SHS exposure is an independent risk factor for LBW in SSA. Given the significant burden of LBW on neonatal health, policies targeting SHS reduction-such as household smoking bans and integrating SHS awareness into prenatal care-should be prioritized. Future longitudinal studies should explore causal mechanisms in greater detail.

SUBMITTER: Yaya S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12370086 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association between household second-hand smoke and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa.

Yaya Sanni S Odusina Emmanuel Kolawole EK

PloS one 20250821 8

<h4>Background</h4>The reduction of maternal and child morbidity and mortality is essential for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (especially goal 3 - wellbeing of mothers and children) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Exposure to household second-hand smoke (SHS) has been linked to adverse birth outcomes, yet limited evidence exists on its impact on low birth weight (LBW) in SSA. This study examines the association between household SHS exposure and LBW across ten SSA countries using rece ...[more]

PMID: 40839638

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Project description:Sub-Saharan Africa represents 69% of the total number of individuals living with HIV infection worldwide and 72% of AIDS deaths globally. Pulmonary infection is a common and frequently fatal complication, though little is known regarding the lower airway microbiome composition of this population. Our objectives were to characterize the lower airway microbiome of Ugandan HIV-infected patients with pneumonia, to determine relationships with demographic, clinical, immunological, and microbiological variables and to compare the composition and predicted metagenome of these communities to a comparable cohort of patients in the US (San Francisco). Bronchoalveolar lavage samples from a cohort of 60 Ugandan HIV-infected patients with acute pneumonia were collected. Amplified 16S ribosomal RNA was profiled and aforementioned relationships examined. Ugandan airway microbiome composition and predicted metagenomic function were compared to US HIV-infected pneumonia patients. Among the most common bacterial pulmonary pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was most prevalent in the Ugandan cohort. Patients with a richer and more diverse airway microbiome exhibited lower bacterial burden, enrichment of members of the Lachnospiraceae and sulfur-reducing bacteria and reduced expression of TNF-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Compared to San Franciscan patients, Ugandan airway microbiome were significantly richer, and compositionally distinct with predicted metagenomes that encoded a multitude of distinct pathogenic pathways e.g secretion systems. Ugandan pneumonia-associated airway microbiome is compositionally and functionally distinct from those detected in comparable patients in developed countries, a feature which may contribute to adverse outcomes in this population. Please note that the data from the comparable cohort of patients in the USUS data was published as supplemental material of PMID: 22760045 but not submitted to GEO The 'patient_info.txt' contains 12 clinical, 7 immunological and 3 microbiological variables for each patient.

Dataset Information

Association between household second-hand smoke and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa.

Publications

Association between household second-hand smoke and low birth weight in sub-Saharan Africa.

Similar Datasets

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