Diabetes-Specific Serum Calcium Thresholds for Mortality Risk: A NHANES Nutritional Epidemiology Study.

ABSTRACT: This retrospective cohort study aimed to characterize diabetes-stratified associations between serum calcium levels and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), and cancer mortality, addressing a critical gap in nutritional epidemiology. Leveraging the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, we conducted Cox proportional hazards regression with restricted cubic splines to model non-linear calcium-mortality relationships. Mediation analysis was conducted in diabetes. The T2DM group presented a J-shaped relationship, with relatively stable and low mortality risk at lower calcium concentrations, followed by a significant increase at higher concentrations. In contrast, the group without diabetes exhibited a U-shaped relationship, indicating that both low and high serum calc

SUBMITTER: Li L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12457720 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature