Quadruple synergistic amplification of ferroptosis for precision glioblastoma therapy: a luteolin-coordinated ferric ion nanoplatform.

ABSTRACT: Ferroptosis is emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma (GBM). However, insufficient lipid peroxidation levels and blood-brain barrier (BBB) pose a significant challenge for GBM treatment. Here, we present natural product luteolin (Lut)-coordinated Fe³⁺ nanoparticles loaded with dihydroartemisinin (DHA), designated as FLD NPs, which can cross the BBB and induce quadruple amplified ferroptosis. Specifically, FLD NPs leverage four mechanisms to enhance ferroptosis: (1) Lut upregulates heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), promoting heme degradation and recruiting endogenous Fe²⁺. (2) exogenous Fe³⁺ depletes glutathione (GSH), increasing Fe²⁺ levels and catalyzing H₂O₂ to generate ·OH via the Fenton reaction; (3) Fe

SUBMITTER: Liu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12465256 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature