Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Ye K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC12465613 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

BMC gastroenterology 20250926 1
BACKGROUND: Environmental factors play significant roles in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigates the associations between hard water exposure and the prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. METHODS: A cross-sectional and cohort study was conducted using 481,468 participants in the UK Biobank. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between hard water exposure and disease prevalence ...[more]