From forest to frontline: A comprehensive review of Mpox's global leap and viral evolution (2022-2024).

ABSTRACT:

Background

Since 2022, the global epidemiology of Mpox (MPXV) has transformed, with Clade IIb driving widespread transmission in non-endemic regions and Clade I resurging across Central Africa. Genomic adaptations, such as APOBEC3 mutations, and increasing human-to-human transmission have raised public health alarms. This review synthesizes the latest evidence on Clade I and Clade II MPXV outbreaks from 2022 to 2024, with an emphasis on geographic expansion, demographic disparities, and systemic response gaps.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted between September and December 2024 using PubMed, CDC, WHO, and ECDC databases. Studies were included if they reported primary data on Clade I or Clade II MPXV epidemiology. Gray literature, including public healt

SUBMITTER: Akhavan B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12538092 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature