Observation of returning Thouless pumping.

ABSTRACT: Introduced by David Thouless in 1983, Thouless pumping is a driving mechanism for topological systems where the pumped charge is quantized by the Chern number. The recent theoretical demonstration of returning Thouless pumping describes a system where the quantized charge pumped during the first half of the cycle returns to zero in the second half. This mechanism leads to crystalline symmetry-protected delicate topological insulators that, unlike conventional topological bands, are not atomically obstructed and can be described by Wannier functions. More precisely, delicate topologies feature multicellular Wannier functions, extending beyond a single unit cell. Here, by using adding synthetic dimension, we realize a two-dimensional delicate topological insulator consisting of a set of one-

SUBMITTER: Cheng Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12583446 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature