Energy contribution from ultra processed foods in peruvian children.

ABSTRACT:

Objective.

To evaluate the energy contribution of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and its association with social and demographic covariates in children between 6 and 35 months of age, based on national surveys conducted in 2008‒2010, 2015‒2016, and 2019.

Materials and methods.

The surveys used multistage stratified random samples. 24-hour recalls were applied on random days per participant, using the modified multiple-pass method, with the support of visual aids and scales. UPFs belonged to the Nova 4 group. Given the bimodal distribution, the covariates were analyzed using two models: a binomial model for the percentage of UPF consumers and a normal model for the average energy contribution, only among UPF consumers. The estimates and models were adjusted according to the sam

SUBMITTER: Miranda-Cuadros M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12679980 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature