C-CTX1 and 17-OH-C-CTX1 Accumulation in Muscle and Liver of Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus, Lowe 1834): A Unique Experimental Study Under Low-Level Exposure.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the bioaccumulation of ciguatoxins (CTXs) in dusky grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) following dietary exposure to toxic fish flesh. Two feeding groups were established: group A (amberjack (Seriola spp.) and dusky grouper flesh) and group B (moray eel (Muraena spp. and Gymnothorax spp.) flesh). CTX-like toxicity was detected in muscle and liver of group A. Flesh toxicity progressively increased from the first sampling. In contrast, CTX activity was only detected in livers in group B. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of C-CTX1 in both groups, and the 17-OH-C-CTX1 analogue was exclusively observed in group A. Toxicity in the liver peaked at 10 weeks in experimental group A, but it showed a decline by the

SUBMITTER: Darias-Dagfeel Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12845688 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature