Optimizing water and nitrogen management in a wheat-maize rotation system: synergistic increases in grain yield, resource use efficiency, and economic and environmental benefits.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Optimizing water and nitrogen management is crucial for the sustainable development of wheat-maize rotation system. This study systematically examined the impacts of various water and nitrogen management strategies on the wheat-maize rotation system, with the aim of identifying integrated practices that can simultaneously improve yield, resource use efficiency, economic returns, and environmental outcomes.

Methods

A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China. Strategies involved different nitrogen fertilizers (compound fertilizer, urea, and controlled-release fertilizer) and irrigation methods (flood, drip irrigation DI, and micro-sprinkler irrigation SI). Outcomes were assessed based on yield, water and nitrogen use eff

SUBMITTER: Kong W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12932497 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature