Dataset Information

Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin.

ABSTRACT: Missense mutations in the cone opsins have been identified as a relatively common cause of red/green color vision defects, with the most frequent mutation being the substitution of arginine for cysteine at position 203 (C203R). When the corresponding cysteine is mutated in rhodopsin, it disrupts proper folding of the pigment, causing severe, early onset retinitis pigmentosa. While the C203R mutation has been associated with loss of cone function in color vision deficiency, it is not known what happens to cones expressing this mutant opsin. Here, we used high-resolution retinal imaging to examine the cone mosaic in two individuals with genes encoding a middle-wavelength sensitive (M) pigment with the C203R mutation. We found a significant reduction in cone density compared to normal and color-deficient controls, accompanying disruption in the cone mosaic in both individuals, and thinning of the outer nuclear layer. The C203R mosaics were different from that produced by another mutation (LIAVA) previously shown to disrupt the cone mosaic. Comparison of these mosaics provides insight into the timing and degree of cone disruption and has implications for the prospects for restoration of vision loss associated with various cone opsin mutations.

SUBMITTER: Carroll J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2791574 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin.

Carroll Joseph J Baraas Rigmor C RC Wagner-Schuman Melissa M Rha Jungtae J Siebe Cory A CA Sloan Christina C Tait Diane M DM Thompson Summer S Morgan Jessica I W JI Neitz Jay J Williams David R DR Foster David H DH Neitz Maureen M

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20091123 49

Missense mutations in the cone opsins have been identified as a relatively common cause of red/green color vision defects, with the most frequent mutation being the substitution of arginine for cysteine at position 203 (C203R). When the corresponding cysteine is mutated in rhodopsin, it disrupts proper folding of the pigment, causing severe, early onset retinitis pigmentosa. While the C203R mutation has been associated with loss of cone function in color vision deficiency, it is not known what h ...[more]

PMID: 19934058

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Project description:The loss of cone photoreceptor cells, which are critical for optimal daylight vision, have the great impact on vision during retinal degenerations. Retinal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) sources could provide a renewable source of cone photoreceptors towards developing a cone cell replacement therapy to treat blindness. Demonstration of comparable gene expression profiles between human foetal and stem cell-derived cones at equivalent stages is required to progress the cell transplantation approach into the patient, as it is hypothesised stem cell-derived cones are required to show high levels of developmental recapitulation of the in vivo generated cones. In this study, the AAV2/9.pR2.1.GFP reporter was used to specifically label L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors in human foetal retinal samples, obtained from the MRC-Wellcome Trust Human Developmental Biology Resource, at a range of developmental stages. The L/M-opsin cone population represent the majority cone cell types in the adult human retina and are the only photoreceptors present within the fovea. Using fluorescence activated cell sorting, L/M-opsin GFP+ cones and GFP- retinal populations, alongside total foetal retinal samples containing all retinal cell tytpes, were isolated and processed for bulk RNA sequencing and downstream comparative analysis. Using DESeq2 differential gene expression analyses, statistically significant genes enriched within the GFP+ human foetal LM-opsin cone populations were determined which led to the identification of a cone enriched gene signature of human L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors. The AAV2/9.pR2.1.GFP reporter was applied to hiPSC-derived retinal cultures to isolate and process cone-like cell populations for RNA sequencing using the same strategy developed within the human foetal retina. Applying the cone enriched gene signature to the transcriptome of hiPSC-derived GFP+ samples at equivalent developmental stages revealed some expression similarities in genes found to be enriched within the late foetal L/M-opsin cone photoreceptors. This analysis overall revealed an intermediate stage of cone differentiation was achieved within the hiPSC-derived samples and the comparison to human foetal L/M-opsin gene express profiles suggesting further differentiation of hiPSC-derived sample is required.

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Dataset Information

Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin.

Publications

Cone photoreceptor mosaic disruption associated with Cys203Arg mutation in the M-cone opsin.

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