Dataset Information

Ghrelin-like peptide with fatty acid modification and O-glycosylation in the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Ghrelin (GRLN) is now known to be an appetite-stimulating and growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide that is predominantly synthesized and secreted from the stomachs of various vertebrate species from fish to mammals. Here, we report a GRLN-like peptide (GRLN-LP) in a cartilaginous fish, the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.

Results

The purified peptide contains 16 amino acids (GVSFHPQPRS10TSKPSA), and the serine residue at position 3 is modified by n-octanoic acid. The modification is the characteristic of GRLN. The six N-terminal amino acid residues (GVSFHP) were identical to another elasmobranch shark GRLN-LP that was recently identified although it had low identity with other GRLN peptides. Therefore, we designated this peptide stingray GRLN-LP. Uniquely, stingray GRLN-LP was O-glycosylated with mucin-type glycan chains [N-acetyl hexosamine (HexNAc)3 hexose(Hex)2] at threonine at position 11 (Thr-11) or both serine at position 10 (Ser-10) and Thr-11. Removal of the glycan structure by O-glycanase made the in vitro activity of stingray GRLN-LP decreased when it was evaluated by the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations using a rat GHS-R1a-expressing cell line, suggesting that the glycan structure plays an important role for maintaining the activity of stingray GRLN-LP.

Conclusions

This study reveals the structural diversity of GRLN and GRLN-LP in vertebrates.

SUBMITTER: Kaiya H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2803784 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Ghrelin-like peptide with fatty acid modification and O-glycosylation in the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.

Kaiya Hiroyuki H Kodama Shiho S Ishiguro Koutaro K Matsuda Kouhei K Uchiyama Minoru M Miyazato Mikiya M Kangawa Kenji K

BMC biochemistry 20091214

<h4>Background</h4>Ghrelin (GRLN) is now known to be an appetite-stimulating and growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide that is predominantly synthesized and secreted from the stomachs of various vertebrate species from fish to mammals. Here, we report a GRLN-like peptide (GRLN-LP) in a cartilaginous fish, the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.<h4>Results</h4>The purified peptide contains 16 amino acids (GVSFHPQPRS10TSKPSA), and the serine residue at position 3 is modified by n-octanoic acid. The mod ...[more]

PMID: 20003394

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Project description:Interactions between biological membranes and disease-associated amyloids are well documented, and their prevalence suggests that an inherent affinity exists between these molecular assemblies. Our interest in the molecular origins of life have led us to investigate the nature of such interactions in the context of their molecular predecessors (i.e., vesicle-forming amphiphiles and small peptides). Under certain conditions, amyloidogenic peptides or fatty acids are each able to form ordered structures on their own; however, we report here on their cooperative assembly into novel, to our knowledge, highly ordered structures. We first examined an amyloidogenic eight-residue peptide, which forms amyloids at pH 11, yet because of its positive electrostatic character remains soluble at a neutral pH. In mixtures with simple fatty acids, this peptide is also able to form novel, to our knowledge, coaggregates at a neutral pH whose structures are sensitive to both the fatty acid concentration and identity. Below the critical vesicle concentration, the mixtures of fatty acid and peptide yield a flocculent precipitate with an underlying β-structure. Above the critical vesicle concentration, the mixtures yield a translucent precipitate that consists of tube-like structures. Small-angle x-ray scattering and fiber diffraction data were used to model their structures as hollow-core two-shell cylinders in which the inner shell is a bilayer of fatty acid and the outer shell alternates between amyloid and bilayers of fatty acid. The further analysis of decanoic acid with a panel of 13 other basic amyloidogenic peptides confirmed the general nature of the observed interactions. The cooperativity within this heterogeneous system is attributed to the structurally repetitive natures of the fatty acid bilayer and the cross-β-sheet motif, providing compatible scaffolds for attractive electrostatic interactions. We show these interactions to be mutually beneficial, expanding the phase space of both peptides and fatty acids while providing a simple yet robust physical connection between two distinct entities relevant for life.

Dataset Information

Ghrelin-like peptide with fatty acid modification and O-glycosylation in the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.

Background

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Ghrelin-like peptide with fatty acid modification and O-glycosylation in the red stingray, Dasyatis akajei.

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