Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES): An Evidence Update.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Medical Advisory Secretariat
PROVIDER: S-EPMC3474564 | biostudies-literature | 2009
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Gastric Electrical Stimulation (GES): An Evidence Update.
Ontario health technology assessment series 20090901
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC3413096 | biostudies-literature
Project description:AimsThe objective of this study was to investigate sacral electrical stimulation (SES) and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) by comparing upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) symptoms and quality of life, before treatment and in the long term after treatment. We hypothesized that dual-device treatment would greatly improve upper and lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms, as well as quality of life.MethodsFifty-four patients who underwent dual-device treatment (GES and SES) were enrolled in this study. Patients who had surpassed 24 months since the second-device insertion were included. Patients were evaluated before and after both devices were implanted and given a symptom questionnaire regarding their upper GI, lower GI, and GU symptoms and their quality of life.ResultsWith combined treatment, a statistically significant improvement was seen in upper GI, lower GI, and GU symptoms and quality of life. However, fecal incontinence and fecal urgency improvements did not reach statistical significance, likely due to the small sample size.ConclusionThe implantation of two stimulators appears to be safe and effective to improve patients' quality of life for those with upper GI symptoms, bowel problems, and bladder dysfunction.
| S-EPMC5098804 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Research and clinical experience with vagotomy have confirmed that damage to the central nervous system severely affects physiological movement in the gastrointestinal system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of synchronized dual-pulse gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on the apoptosis of enteric neurons and the possible pathways involved in these effects in vagotomized rats. For this purpose, Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a control group, an early subdiaphragmatic vagotomized group (ESDV group), an early subdiaphragmatic vagotomized group with short-term SGES (ESDV + SSGES group), a terminal subdiaphragmatic vagotomized group (TSDV group) and a terminal subdiaphragmatic vagotomized group with long-term SGES (TSDV + LSGES group). The expression levels of connexin 43 (Cx43), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), p-Akt, pan-Akt and PGP9.5 were assessed by RT-qPCR, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was determined by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase‑mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. We found that Cx43 expression was decreased in the ESDV and TSDV groups, but was significantly upregulated in the SSGES and LSGES groups. In addition, the GDNF and PGP9.5 expression levels were significantly decreased in the ESDV group compared with the control and TSDV groups and were upregulated in both the SSGES and LSGES groups. The LSGES group exhibited a clear increase in p-Akt expression compared with the TSDV group. Fewer TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the SSGES and LSGES groups than in the ESDV and TSDV groups. More TUNEL-positive cells were found in the stomach of rats subjected to subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. On the whole, our data indicate that SGES improved enteric neuronal survival, possibly through GDNF and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways.
| S-EPMC5504986 | biostudies-other
Project description:IntroductionElectrical stimulation (ES), including transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), has shown potential for cognitive enhancement in military contexts. Various types of ES, such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), modulate neuronal membrane potentials and cortical excitability, potentially improving cognitive functions relevant to military training and operations.MethodsThis systematic review updates previous findings by examining studies published between 2019 and 2024 that investigated electrical stimulation effects on cognitive performance in military personnel and tasks. We focused on whether the studies addressed key questions about the generalizability of lab findings to military tasks, the frequency and intensity of adverse effects, the impact of repeated ES administration, and the ethical and regulatory considerations for its use in potentially vulnerable military populations.ResultsEleven studies met the inclusion criteria; most demonstrated overall low to some concerns, however, two of these had overall high risk of bias. While tES and tVNS showed some promise for enhancing multitasking and visual search performance, the results were mixed, with no reliable effects on vigilance tasks.DiscussionThe reviewed studies highlight the need for a better understanding of ES mechanisms, optimal stimulation parameters, and individual differences in response to ES. They also highlight the importance of conducting high-powered research in military settings to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and ethical implications of ES. Future research should address the generalizability of lab-based results to real-world military tasks, monitor the frequency and intensity of adverse effects, and explore the long-term impacts of repeated administration. Furthermore, ethical and regulatory considerations are crucial for the responsible application of ES in military contexts, and a series of outstanding questions is posed to guide continuing research in this domain.
| S-EPMC11911350 | biostudies-literature
Project description:This review updates and consolidates evidence on the safety of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Safety is here operationally defined by, and limited to, the absence of evidence for a Serious Adverse Effect, the criteria for which are rigorously defined. This review adopts an evidence-based approach, based on an aggregation of experience from human trials, taking care not to confuse speculation on potential hazards or lack of data to refute such speculation with evidence for risk. Safety data from animal tests for tissue damage are reviewed with systematic consideration of translation to humans. Arbitrary safety considerations are avoided. Computational models are used to relate dose to brain exposure in humans and animals. We review relevant dose-response curves and dose metrics (e.g. current, duration, current density, charge, charge density) for meaningful safety standards. Special consideration is given to theoretically vulnerable populations including children and the elderly, subjects with mood disorders, epilepsy, stroke, implants, and home users. Evidence from relevant animal models indicates that brain injury by Direct Current Stimulation (DCS) occurs at predicted brain current densities (6.3-13 A/m(2)) that are over an order of magnitude above those produced by conventional tDCS. To date, the use of conventional tDCS protocols in human trials (≤40 min, ≤4 milliamperes, ≤7.2 Coulombs) has not produced any reports of a Serious Adverse Effect or irreversible injury across over 33,200 sessions and 1000 subjects with repeated sessions. This includes a wide variety of subjects, including persons from potentially vulnerable populations.
| S-EPMC5007190 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectiveThe objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in adults and children.Data sourcesA literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, for studies published from January 2007 until December 2012.Review methodsSystematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and observational studies (in the absence of RCTs) of adults or children were included. DBS studies were included if they specified that the anterior nucleus of thalamus was the area of the brain stimulated. Outcomes of interest were seizure frequency, health resource utilization, and safety. A cost analysis was also performed.ResultsThe search identified 6 studies that assessed changes in seizure frequency after electrical stimulation: 1 RCT on DBS in adults, 4 RCTs on VNS in adults, and 1 RCT on VNS in children. The studies of DBS and VNS in adults found significantly improved rates of seizure frequency, but the study of VNS in children did not find a significant difference in seizure frequency between the high and low stimulation groups. Significant reductions in hospitalizations and emergency department visits were found for adults and children who received VNS. No studies addressed the use of health resources for patients undergoing DBS. Five studies reported on adverse events, which ranged from serious to transient for both procedures in adults and were mostly transient in the 1 study of VNS in children.LimitationsWe found no evidence on DBS in children or on health care use related to DBS. The measurement of seizure frequency is self-reported and is therefore subject to bias and issues of compliance.ConclusionsBased on evidence of low to moderate quality, both DBS and VNS seemed to reduce seizure frequency in adults. In children, VNS did not appear to be as effective at reducing seizure frequency, but children had significantly fewer hospitalizations and ED visits after VNS implantation. Despite the considerable risks associated with these invasive procedures, long-term adverse events appear to be limited.Plain language summaryElectrical stimulation of specific areas of the brain is a procedure used to control epileptic seizures when more conventional treatments are not working. Most adults and children with epilepsy are able to control their seizures with medication, but for some patients, drugs are not effective and surgery to remove the part of the brain where the seizures start is not an appropriate option. This study looked at the research available on the effectiveness, safety, and cost of two types of electrical stimulation devices currently licensed for treatment of epilepsy for adults and children in Canada: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Both approaches appear to be effective at reducing the frequency of seizures in adults. However, the evidence on DBS is limited to a single study with adults; we found no studies of DBS with children. Studies on VNS showed that both adults and children had fewer hospitalizations and emergency department visits after the procedure. Both procedures carry serious risks, but several longer-term studies have found that adverse events appear to be limited. The cost of VNS, including the process of assessing whether or not patients are good candidates for the procedure, is estimated to be about $40,000 per person (and higher for DBS because the device is more expensive and the operating time is longer). Of the 70,000 people in Ontario with epilepsy, about 1,400 (300 children and 1,110 adults) may be candidates for VNS to reduce their seizures.
| S-EPMC3817921 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used as a treatment option in the therapy of dysphagia for several years. In a previous review of the literature, it was concluded that NMES might be a valuable adjunct in patients with dysphagia and in patients with vocal fold paresis. However, due to different stimulation protocols, electrode positioning and various underlying pathological conditions, it was difficult to compare the studies which were identified and it was concluded that more empirical data is needed to fully understand the benefits provided by NMES. The purpose of this systematic review is, therefore, to evaluate recent studies regarding a potential effectiveness of transcutaneous NMES applied to the anterior neck as a treatment for dysphagia considering these different aspects.MethodFor this systematic review, a selective literature research in PubMed has been carried out on 5th May 2021 using the terms electrical stimulation AND dysphagia and screened for inclusion criteria by two reviewers in Rayyan. The search resulted in 62 hits.ResultsStudies were excluded due to their publication language; because they did not meet inclusion criteria; because the topical focus was a different one; or because they did not qualify as level 2 studies. Eighteen studies were identified with varying patient groups, stimulation protocols, electrode placement and therapy settings. However, 16 studies have reported of beneficial outcomes in relation with NMES.DiscussionThe purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the most recent studies regarding a potential effectiveness of NMES as a treatment for oropharyngeal dysphagia considering different aspects. It could generally be concluded that there is a considerable amount of level 2 studies which suggest that NMES is an effective treatment option, especially when combined with TDT for patients with dysphagia after stroke and patients with Parkinson's disease, or with different kinds of brain injuries. Further research is still necessary in order to clarify which stimulation protocols, parameters and therapy settings are most beneficial for certain patient groups and degrees of impairment.
| S-EPMC9284430 | biostudies-literature
Project description:High-frequency gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a relatively new treatment for medically refractory gastroparesis. There have been a number of clinical studies based on the use of a high-frequency stimulator (Enterra, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate evidence for improved clinical outcome with this device.A literature search of major medical databases was performed for the period January 1992 to August 2008. Clinical studies involving an implanted high-frequency GES device were included and reported a range of clinical outcomes. Studies of external, temporary, and/or low-frequency GES were excluded.Of 13 included studies, 12 lacked controls and only one was blinded and randomized. Following GES, patients reported improvements in total symptom severity score (3/13 studies, mean difference 6.52 [confidence interval--CI: 1.32, 11.73]; P = 0.01), vomiting severity score (4/13, 1.45 [CI: 0.99, 1.91]; P < 0.0001), nausea severity score (4/13, 1.69 [CI: 1.26, 2.12]; P < 0.0001), SF-36 physical composite score (4/13, 8.05 [CI: 5.01, 11.10]; P < 0.0001), SF-36 mental composite score (4/13, 8.16 [CI: 4.85, 11.47]; P < 0.0001), requirement for enteral or parenteral nutrition (8/13, OR 5.53 [CI: 2.75, 11.13]; P < 0.001), and 4-h gastric emptying (5/13, 12.7% [CI: 9.8, 15.6]; P < 0.0001). Weight gain did not reach significance (3/13, 3.68 kg [CI: -0.23, 7.58]; P = 0.07). The device removal or reimplantation rate was 8.3%.Results show substantial benefits for high-frequency GES in the treatment of gastroparesis. However, caution is necessary in interpreting the results, primarily because of the limitations of uncontrolled studies. Further controlled studies are required to confirm the clinical benefits of high-frequency GES.
| S-EPMC4127311 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Gastric electrical stimulation has been attempted for several years with little success. AIMS: To determine whether movement of liquid gastric content could be achieved using microprocessor controlled sequential electrical stimulation. METHODS: Eight anaesthetised dogs underwent laparotomy and implantation of four sets of bipolar stainless steel wire electrodes. Each set consisted of two to six electrodes (10x0.25 mm, 3 cm apart) implanted circumferentially. The stomach was filled with water and the process of gastric emptying was monitored. Artificial contractions were produced using microprocessor controlled phase locked bipolar four second trains of 50 Hz, 14 V (peak to peak) rectangular voltage. In four of the dogs four force transducers were implanted close to each circumferential electrode set. In one gastroparetic patient the effect of direct electrical stimulation was determined at laparotomy. RESULTS: Using the above stimulating parameters circumferential gastric contractions were produced which were artificially propagated distally by phase locking the stimulating voltage. Averaged stimulated gastric emptying times were significantly shorter than spontaneus emptying times (t1/2 6.7 (3.0) versus 25.3 (12.9) minutes, p<0.01). Gastric electrical stimulation of the gastroparetic patient at operation produced circumferential contractions. CONCLUSIONS: Microprocessor controlled electrical stimulation produced artificial peristalsis and notably accelerated the movement of liquid gastric content.
| S-EPMC1727304 | biostudies-other
Project description:The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the urgent need to develop and deploy treatment approaches that can minimize mortality and morbidity. As infection, resulting illness, and the often prolonged recovery period continue to be characterized, therapeutic roles for transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have emerged as promising non-pharmacological interventions. tES techniques have established therapeutic potential for managing a range of conditions relevant to COVID-19 illness and recovery, and may further be relevant for the general management of increased mental health problems during this time. Furthermore, these tES techniques can be inexpensive, portable, and allow for trained self-administration. Here, we summarize the rationale for using tES techniques, specifically transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), across the COVID-19 clinical course, and index ongoing efforts to evaluate the inclusion of tES optimal clinical care.
| S-EPMC7689057 | biostudies-literature