Enhancing library impact through technology.
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC4613389 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Oct
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Enhancing library impact through technology.
Journal of the Medical Library Association : JMLA 20151001 4
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Project description:"Everyday technologies" have long been suggested as digital tools to improve life for and enhance care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Within this realm, there is a need to balance potential drawbacks of technologies with their ability to positively impact patient and care partner centered outcomes. To facilitate this goal, we endeavored to provide a common language and conceptual structure to understand digital technology use in ADRD care. Specifically, we describe the pathways by which researchers might develop and deploy technology, including via Cognitive offloading, Automation, Remote monitoring, Emotional/social support, and Symptom treatment (CARES). In addition, we highlight emerging issues in technology-based care research and provide relevant caveats regarding application of digital technologies in the real world. This discussion provides a framework to organize science on the application of technologies to ADRD care in the future. HIGHLIGHTS: "Everyday technologies" have long been suggested as digital tools to improve life for and enhance care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, the potential benefits of digital technologies must be balanced against their possible drawbacks. We describe the pathways by which researchers might develop and deploy technology that CARES, including via Cognitive offloading, Automation, Remote monitoring, Emotional/social support, and Symptom treatment. This discussion provides a framework to organize science on the application of digital technologies to ADRD care in the future.
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Project description:Uncertainties, such as road restrictions at shipyards and the irregular shape of blocks, pose challenges for transporter scheduling. Efficient scheduling of multiple transporters is critical to improving transportation efficiency. The digital twin (DT) technology offers numerous benefits, enabling interactions between the virtual and real worlds, real-time mapping, and dynamic performance evaluation. Based on DT technology, this study proposes a dynamic scheduling approach for cooperative transportation utilizing multiple transporters. The scheduling problem for multiple transporters is addressed and modeled in this study, considering factors such as block size and transporter loading. To solve this problem, a framework of DT-based multiple transporters system is established in a virtual environment. By inputting block information into this system, a solution is generated using transporter scheduling rules and interference detection methods. Experimental comparisons are conducted in this paper, exploring various scenarios with different number of tasks and the application of DT. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively enhances transportation efficiency and improves ship construction efficiency. Hence, this study expands the application of DT technology in dynamic scheduling of transportation in shipyards and provides new ideas for shipbuilding company managers.
| S-EPMC10903895 | biostudies-literature
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| S-EPMC10857879 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aggrecan degrading metalloprotease ADAMTS-4 has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Here, we use DNA-encoded Library Technology (ELT) to identify novel ADAMTS-4 inhibitors from a DNA-encoded triazine library by affinity selection. Structure-activity relationship studies based on the selection information led to the identification of potent and highly selective inhibitors. For example, 4-(((4-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-6-(((4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)methyl)-N-ethyl-N-(m-tolyl)benzamide has IC50 of 10 nM against ADAMTS-4, with >1000-fold selectivity over ADAMT-5, MMP-13, TACE, and ADAMTS-13. These inhibitors have no obvious zinc ligand functionality.
| S-EPMC4538441 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundCommunication is a critical component of the patient-provider relationship; however, limited research exists on the role of nonverbal communication. Virtual human training is an informatics-based educational strategy that offers various benefits in communication skill training directed at providers. Recent informatics-based interventions aimed at improving communication have mainly focused on verbal communication, yet research is needed to better understand how virtual humans can improve verbal and nonverbal communication and further elucidate the patient-provider dyad.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to enhance a conceptual model that incorporates technology to examine verbal and nonverbal components of communication and develop a nonverbal assessment that will be included in the virtual simulation for further testing.MethodsThis study will consist of a multistage mixed methods design, including convergent and exploratory sequential components. A convergent mixed methods study will be conducted to examine the mediating effects of nonverbal communication. Quantitative (eg, MPathic game scores, Kinect nonverbal data, objective structured clinical examination communication score, and Roter Interaction Analysis System and Facial Action Coding System coding of video) and qualitative data (eg, video recordings of MPathic-virtual reality [VR] interventions and student reflections) will be collected simultaneously. Data will be merged to determine the most crucial components of nonverbal behavior in human-computer interaction. An exploratory sequential design will proceed, consisting of a grounded theory qualitative phase. Using theoretical, purposeful sampling, interviews will be conducted with oncology providers probing intentional nonverbal behaviors. The qualitative findings will aid the development of a nonverbal communication model that will be included in a virtual human. The subsequent quantitative strand will incorporate and validate a new automated nonverbal communication behavior assessment into the virtual human simulation, MPathic-VR, by assessing interrater reliability, code interactions, and dyadic data analysis by comparing Kinect responses (system recorded) to manually scored records for specific nonverbal behaviors. Data will be integrated using building integration to develop the automated nonverbal communication behavior assessment and conduct a quality check of these nonverbal features.ResultsSecondary data from the MPathic-VR randomized controlled trial data set (210 medical students and 840 video recordings of interactions) were analyzed in the first part of this study. Results showed differential experiences by performance in the intervention group. Following the analysis of the convergent design, participants consisting of medical providers (n=30) will be recruited for the qualitative phase of the subsequent exploratory sequential design. We plan to complete data collection by July 2023 to analyze and integrate these findings.ConclusionsThe results from this study contribute to the improvement of patient-provider communication, both verbal and nonverbal, including the dissemination of health information and health outcomes for patients. Further, this research aims to transfer to various topical areas, including medication safety, informed consent processes, patient instructions, and treatment adherence between patients and providers.International registered report identifier (irrid)DERR1-10.2196/46601.
| S-EPMC10282909 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Summary High-power screening (HPS) technologies, such as DNA-encoded library (DEL) technology, could exponentially increase the dimensions of the chemical space accessible for drug discovery. The intrinsic fragile nature of DNA is associated with cumbersome limitations and DNA durability (e.g., depurination, loss of phosphate groups, adduct formation) is compromised in numerous organic chemistry conditions that require empirical testing. An atlas of reaction conditions (temperature, pH, solvent/buffer, ligands, oxidizing reagents, catalysts, scavengers in function of time) that have been systematically tested in multiple combinations, indicates precisely limits useful for DEL construction. More importantly, this approach could be used broadly to effectively evaluate DNA-compatibility of any novel on-DNA chemical reaction, and it is compatible with different molecular methodologies. This atlas and the general approach presented, by allowing novel reaction conditions to be performed in presence of DNA, should greatly help in expanding the DEL chemical space as well as any field involving DNA durability. Graphical abstract Highlights • Comprehensive atlas of numerous reaction conditions compatible with DNA• Molecular approach to test DNA durability in a time-dependent manner• Impact of different treatments (e.g., temperatures, pHs, catalysts, ligands) on DNA• Importance of DNA content (GC %) and DNA nature for stability Organic chemistry; Biochemistry
| S-EPMC10470182 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundHIV/AIDS remains a significant global challenge, and with the rapid advancement of technology, there has been an increasing number of interventions aimed at improving HIV/AIDS cognition and self-management behaviors among patients. However, there is still a lack of detailed literature integrating relevant evidence.ObjectiveThis study aims to comprehensively review existing research on interventions using modern information methods to improve HIV/AIDS cognition and enhance self-management behaviors among patients. It systematically reports the theoretical frameworks and specific intervention strategies used in current research, providing a comprehensive overview of the development status of relevant studies. We aim to compile existing evidence through this scoping review to identify potential avenues for future research.MethodsWe followed the scoping review framework proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for the synthesis and reporting of evidence. Relevant literature was searched using electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. The time frame for inclusion was from 2018 to December 1, 2023. Inclusion criteria were (1) interventions using modern information technology or new digital media, (2) studies focusing on improving HIV awareness or self-management behaviors among people living with HIV, (3) intervention studies or evaluations of intervention effects, and (4) studies published within the last five years. Two reviewers (HH and MX) independently assessed each study at both the title and abstract screening stage and the full-text review stage, resolving any disagreements through discussion.ResultsA total of 55 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Information Systems Research Framework are among the most commonly used theoretical frameworks. Modern information technology interventions are mainly constructed using smartphone apps, SMS text messaging, internet-based platforms, audiovisual materials, and digital health education platforms, with smartphone apps and SMS text messaging being the most widely used intervention media.ConclusionsModern information technology is becoming an important tool for health interventions among people living with HIV/AIDS. However, future research should focus on integrating theoretical framework guidance with intervention design, further exploring the diversity of intervention implementations, the applicability of different technological methods, their long-term effects, and how to more effectively combine traditional intervention strategies to maximize intervention outcomes.
| S-EPMC11773289 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The crucial role of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in the angiogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors has prompted the development of inhibitors with minimal bystander effects. Recently, Adnectin C has attracted attention for cancer treatment. To overcome the problematic properties of Adnectin, a novel form of Adnectin C has been designed by its fusion to a biodegradable polymeric peptide containing Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) repetitive residues. E. coli-expressed recombinant fused and unfused proteins were compared in terms of bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties using standard methods. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of PASylated adnectin C revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in particle size with a slight change in the net charge. Additionally, fusion of the PAS sequence improved its stability against the growth of thermo-induced aggregated forms. The high receptor-binding and improved binding kinetic parameters of PASylated Adnectin C was confirmed by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance assays, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a noticeable increase in the terminal half-life of Adnectin C-PAS#1(200) by a factor of 4.57 after single dose by intravenous injection into female BALB/c mice. The results suggest that PASylation could offer a superior delivery strategy for developing Adnectin-derived drugs with improved patient compliance.
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Project description:This study aims to enhance breast cancer detection accuracy through an AI-driven ultrasound tool, Vis-BUS, developed by Barreleye Inc., Seoul, South Korea. Vis-BUS incorporates Lesion Detection AI (LD-AI) and Lesion Analysis AI (LA-AI), along with a Cancer Probability Score (CPS), to differentiate between benign and malignant breast lesions. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 258 breast ultrasound examinations to evaluate Vis-BUS's performance. The primary methods included the application of LD-AI and LA-AI to b-mode ultrasound images and the generation of CPS for each lesion. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using metrics such as the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Area Under the Precision-Recall curve (AUPRC). The study found that Vis-BUS achieved high diagnostic accuracy, with an AUROC of 0.964 and an AUPRC of 0.967, indicating its effectiveness in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. Logistic regression analysis identified that 'Fatty' lesion density had an extremely high odds ratio (OR) of 27.7781, suggesting potential convergence issues. The 'Unknown' density category had an OR of 0.3185, indicating a lower likelihood of correct classification. Medium and large lesion sizes were associated with lower likelihoods of correct classification, with ORs of 0.7891 and 0.8014, respectively. The presence of microcalcifications showed an OR of 1.360. Among Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System categories, category C5 had a significantly higher OR of 10.173, reflecting a higher likelihood of correct classification. Vis-BUS significantly improves diagnostic precision and supports clinical decision-making in breast cancer screening. However, further refinement is needed in areas like lesion density characterization and calcification detection to optimize its performance.
| S-EPMC11394308 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundDespite effective therapies for many conditions, patients find it difficult to adhere to prescribed treatments. Technology-mediated interventions (TMIs) are increasingly being used with the hope of improving adherence.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of TMI, intended to enhance patient adherence to prescribed medications, on both medication adherence and clinical outcomes.MethodsA secondary in-depth analysis was conducted of the subset of studies that utilized technology in at least one component of the intervention from an updated Cochrane review on all interventions for enhancing medication adherence. We included studies that clearly described an information and communication technology or medical device as the sole or major component of the adherence intervention.ResultsThirty-eight studies were eligible for in-depth review. Only seven had a low risk of bias for study design features, primary adherence, and clinical outcomes. Eighteen studies used a TMI for education and/or counseling, 11 studies used a TMI for self-monitoring and/or feedback, and nine studies used electronic reminders. Studies used a variety of TMIs, with telephone the most common technology in use. Studies targeted a wide distribution of diseases and used a variety of adherence and clinical outcome measures. A minority targeted children and adolescents. Fourteen studies reported significant effects in both adherence and clinical outcome measures.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence for the inconsistent effectiveness of TMI for medication adherence and clinical outcomes. These results must be interpreted with caution due to a lack of high-quality studies.
| S-EPMC7659214 | biostudies-literature