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The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission.

ABSTRACT: The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and resulting tsunami of March 11, 2011 gave rise to devastating damage on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project (TMM), which is being conducted by Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Medical University Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM), has been launched to realize creative reconstruction and to solve medical problems in the aftermath of this disaster. We started two prospective cohort studies in Miyagi and Iwate Prefectures: a population-based adult cohort study, the TMM Community-Based Cohort Study (TMM CommCohort Study), which will recruit 80 000 participants, and a birth and three-generation cohort study, the TMM Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study), which will recruit 70 000 participants, including fetuses and their parents, siblings, grandparents, and extended family members. The TMM CommCohort Study will recruit participants from 2013 to 2016 and follow them for at least 5 years. The TMM BirThree Cohort Study will recruit participants from 2013 to 2017 and follow them for at least 4 years. For children, the ToMMo Child Health Study, which adopted a cross-sectional design, was also started in November 2012 in Miyagi Prefecture. An integrated biobank will be constructed based on the two prospective cohort studies, and ToMMo and IMM will investigate the chronic medical impacts of the GEJE. The integrated biobank of TMM consists of health and clinical information, biospecimens, and genome and omics data. The biobank aims to establish a firm basis for personalized healthcare and medicine, mainly for diseases aggravated by the GEJE in the two prefectures. Biospecimens and related information in the biobank will be distributed to the research community. TMM itself will also undertake genomic and omics research. The aims of the genomic studies are: 1) to construct an integrated biobank; 2) to return genomic research results to the participants of the cohort studies, which will lead to the implementation of personalized healthcare and medicine in the affected areas in the near future; and 3) to contribute the development of personalized healthcare and medicine worldwide. Through the activities of TMM, we will clarify how to approach prolonged healthcare problems in areas damaged by large-scale disasters and how useful genomic information is for disease prevention.

SUBMITTER: Kuriyama S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5008970 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission.

Kuriyama Shinichi S Yaegashi Nobuo N Nagami Fuji F Arai Tomohiko T Kawaguchi Yoshio Y Osumi Noriko N Sakaida Masaki M Suzuki Yoichi Y Nakayama Keiko K Hashizume Hiroaki H Tamiya Gen G Kawame Hiroshi H Suzuki Kichiya K Hozawa Atsushi A Nakaya Naoki N Kikuya Masahiro M Metoki Hirohito H Tsuji Ichiro I Fuse Nobuo N Kiyomoto Hideyasu H Sugawara Junichi J Tsuboi Akito A Egawa Shinichi S Ito Kiyoshi K Chida Koichi K Ishii Tadashi T Tomita Hiroaki H Taki Yasuyuki Y Minegishi Naoko N Ishii Naoto N Yasuda Jun J Igarashi Kazuhiko K Shimizu Ritsuko R Nagasaki Masao M Koshiba Seizo S Kinoshita Kengo K Ogishima Soichi S Takai-Igarashi Takako T Tominaga Teiji T Tanabe Osamu O Ohuchi Noriaki N Shimosegawa Toru T Kure Shigeo S Tanaka Hiroshi H Ito Sadayoshi S Hitomi Jiro J Tanno Kozo K Nakamura Motoyuki M Ogasawara Kuniaki K Kobayashi Seiichiro S Sakata Kiyomi K Satoh Mamoru M Shimizu Atsushi A Sasaki Makoto M Endo Ryujin R Sobue Kenji K Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Study Group The T Yamamoto Masayuki M

Journal of epidemiology 20160702 9

The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and resulting tsunami of March 11, 2011 gave rise to devastating damage on the Pacific coast of the Tohoku region. The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project (TMM), which is being conducted by Tohoku University Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) and Iwate Medical University Iwate Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (IMM), has been launched to realize creative reconstruction and to solve medical problems in the aftermath of this disaster. We started two ...[more]

PMID: 27374138

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Project description:A baseline oral microbiome study of the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (TMM) was planned to characterize the profile of the oral microbiome in the Japanese population. The study also aimed to clarify risk factors for multifactorial diseases by integrated analysis of the oral microbiome and host genome/omics information. From 2013 to 2016, we collected three types of oral biospecimens, saliva, supragingival plaque, and tongue swab, from a total of 25,101 participants who had a dental examination in TMM. In this study, we used two independent cohorts; the Community-Based Cohort and Birth and Three-Generation Cohort as discovery and validation cohorts, respectively, and we selected participants examined by a single dentist. We found through the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing analysis of 834 participants of the Community-Based Cohort Study that there are differences in the microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque. The species diversities in both saliva and plaque were increased in correlation with the severity of periodontal disease. These results were nicely reproduced in the analysis of 455 participants of the Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. In addition, strong positive and negative associations of microbial taxa in both plaque and saliva with periodontitis-associated biofilm formation were detected by co-occurrence network analysis. The classes Actinobacteria and Bacilli, including oral health-associated bacterial species, showed a positive correlation in saliva. These results revealed differences in microbial composition and community structure between saliva and plaque and a correlation between microbial species and the severity of periodontal disease. We expect that the large database of the oral microbiome in the TMM biobank will help in the discovery of novel targets for the treatment and prevention of oral diseases, as well as for the discovery of therapeutic and/or preventive targets of systemic diseases.

Project description:BackgroundHypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) adversely affect the prognosis of mother and child, and the prognosis depends on the subtype of HDP. Skipping breakfast may be associated with increased blood pressure due to disruption of the circadian clock, but the association with the development of HDP has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between skipping breakfast and the development of HDP and HDP subtypes in Japanese pregnant women.MethodsOf the pregnant women who participated in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Three-Generation Cohort Study, 18,839 who answered the required questions were included in the analysis. This study had a cross-sectional design. The breakfast intake frequency from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy was classified into four groups: daily, 5-6 times per week, 3-4 times per week, and 0-2 times per week. HDP was classified into gestational hypertension (GH), chronic hypertension (CH), preeclampsia (PE), and severe preeclampsia (SuPE). Multiple logistic regression analysis and multinomial logistic analysis were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breakfast intake frequency and development of HDP or HDP subtypes. We performed a stratified analysis based on energy intake.ResultsOf the participants, 74.3% consumed breakfast daily, and 11.1% developed HDP. Women who consumed breakfast 0-2 times per week had a higher risk of HDP (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56), CH (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21-2.19), and PE (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.27-2.21) than those who consumed breakfast daily. No association was found between skipping breakfast and the risk of developing GH (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.99-1.61) and SuPE (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.55-1.49). Stratified analysis showed that the risk of developing HDP due to skipping breakfast was highest in the group with the highest daily energy intake.ConclusionsSkipping breakfast during pre-to early pregnancy is associated with the development of HDP. Further longitudinal studies are required to clarify the causal association between skipping breakfast and HDP.

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The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission.

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The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project: Design and Mission.

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