Gender related disorders.
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wylie K
PROVIDER: S-EPMC516664 | biostudies-literature | 2004 Sep
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:There are important sex differences in the brain that seem to arise from biology as well as psychosocial influences. Sex differences in several aspects of human behavior and cognition have been reported. Gonadal sex steroids or genes found on sex chromosomes influence sex differences in neuroanatomy, neurochemistry and neuronal structure, and connectivity. There has been some resistance to accept that sex differences in the human brain exist and have biological relevance; however, a few years ago, it has been recommended by the USA National Institute of Mental Health to incorporate sex as a variable in experimental and clinical neurological and psychiatric studies. We here review the clinical literature on sex differences in pain and neurological and psychiatric diseases, with the aim to further stimulate interest in sexual dimorphisms in the brain and brain diseases, possibly encouraging more research in the field of the implications of sex differences for treating these conditions.
| S-EPMC4904110 | biostudies-other
Project description:Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (FGIDs) result from central and peripheral mechanisms, cause chronic remitting-relapsing symptoms, and are associated with comorbid conditions and impaired quality of life. This article reviews sex- and gender-based differences in the prevalence, pathophysiologic factors, clinical characteristics, and management of functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that together affect approximately 1 in 4 people in the United States. These conditions are more common in women. Among patients with IBS, women are more likely to have severe symptoms and coexistent anxiety or depression; constipation or bloating and diarrhea are more common in women and men, respectively, perhaps partly because defecatory disorders, which cause constipation, are more common in women. Current concepts suggest that biological disturbances (eg, persistent mucosal inflammation after acute gastroenteritis) interact with other environmental factors (eg, abuse) and psychological stressors, which influence the brain and gut to alter GI tract motility or sensation, thereby causing symptoms. By comparison to a considerable understanding of sex-based differences in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in animal models, we know less about the contribution of these differences to FGID in humans. Slow gastric emptying and colon transit are more common in healthy women than in men, but effects of gonadal hormones on colon transit are less important than in rodents. Although increased visceral sensation partly explains symptoms, the effects of sex on visceral sensation, colonic permeability, and the gut microbiome are less prominent in humans than rodents. Whether sex or gender affects response to medications or behavioral therapy in FD or IBS is unclear because most patients in these studies are women.
| S-EPMC8075061 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) are common in females with eating disorders (ED). However, no study to date has analyzed ER in males with ED. In the study at hand, we assessed ER in males with ED and compared results to both females with ED and healthy controls (HC). We also examined associations between ER difficulties, personality, and psychopathology. A total of 62 males with ED were compared with 656 females with ED, as well as 78 male and 286 female HC. ER was assessed by means of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). We found that males and females with ED showed greater ER difficulties compared to HC. Pronounced general psychopathology was a shared factor associated with higher ER difficulties in both males and females with ED. However, whereas higher novelty seeking, higher cooperativeness, lower reward dependence, and lower self-directedness were related to higher ER difficulties in females with ED, lower persistence was associated with ER difficulties in males with ED. In sum, males and females with ED show similar ER difficulties, yet they are distinct in how ER deficits relate to specific personality traits. Research on strategies promoting ER in the treatment of males with ED is warranted.
| S-EPMC6406611 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFunctional neurological disorders are generally more common in females than males, but the reason for this gender difference is not well understood.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to compare the clinical and demographic features of functional movement disorders (FMDs) between males and females.MethodsWe examined clinical data and video-recordings of patients with FMDs evaluated at the Baylor College of Medicine Movement Disorders Clinic.ResultsOf the 196 patients with FMDs, males represented only 30% (n = 59) of the entire cohort. Men had an older age at onset: 40.5 versus 34.1 years (P = 0.026) and an older age at evaluation: 43.8 versus 38.1 years (P = 0.041) compared to women. Functional dystonia was more frequently observed in women: 47.5 versus 20.3% (P < 0.001), but there was a trend for higher frequency of functional gait disorder in men: 44 versus 30% (P = 0.056). Females were particularly over-represented (73.7%) in children and adolescents; but the genders were equally represented in patients aged ≥50 years.ConclusionsFemale patients are over-represented in FMDs, except in individuals aged ≥50 years. Compared to female patients, males with FMDs present later in life and are less likely to have functional dystonia.
| S-EPMC7011817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Investigations in the field of gender identity disorder (GID) have been mostly related to psychiatric comorbidity and severe psychiatric disorders, but have focused less on personality and personality disorders (PDs). AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the presence of PDs in persons with GID as compared to cisgendered (a cisgender person is a person who is content to remain the gender they were assigned at birth) heterosexuals, as well as to biological sex. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 30 persons with GID and 30 cisgendered heterosexuals from the general population. The assessment of PDs was conducted by application of the self-administered Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II PDs (SCID-II). RESULTS: Persons with GID compared to cisgender heterosexuals have higher presence of PDs, particularly Paranoid PD, avoidant PDs, and comorbid PDs. In addition, MtF (transwomen are people assigned male at birth who identify as women) persons are characterized by a more severe psychopathological profile. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of PDs in persons with GID is of great importance as it comprises a key part of personalized treatment plan tailoring, as well as a prognostic factor for sex-reassignment surgery (SRS) outcome.
| S-EPMC4053264 | biostudies-other
Project description:BACKGROUND:Methamphetamine is considered more dangerous than other stimulants because of its acute complications, long-term neurotoxicity, and potential for drug dependence. Until now, there have been no evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of methamphetamine-related disorders, either in Germany or abroad. METHODS:A systematic literature search was performed on the treatment of methamphetamine-related disorders. Based on this literature review, a multidisciplinary expert panel developed recommendations using the nominal group technique. RESULTS:The evidence base for the treatment of methamphetamine-related disorders is sparse. The efficacy of psychotherapeutic techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy and contingency management and the efficacy of complex, disorder-specific treatment programs have been proven in ran - domized controlled trials, but it remains unclear which method is best. Persons carrying a diagnosis of substance abuse should be offered psychotherapy. Structured exercise programs, whether self-directed or professionally led, can improve addiction-specific endpoints as well as comorbid disorders and should, therefore, be offered as well. Pharmacotherapy has shown little to no effect in relatively low-quality clinical trials with low case numbers and high dropout rates, and therefore only a few weak recommendations were made. These include tranquilizers for the short-term treatment of agitation and atypical antipsychotics if necessary. Attempts to substitute other substances, such as methylphenidate or dexamphetamine, for methamphetamine have not yielded any robust evidence to date. Sertraline should not be administered due to serious adverse events. CONCLUSION:Many of the recommendations in the guideline are made with a weak grade of recommendation because of the poor evidence base and the modest size of the reported therapeutic effects. In acute situations, symptomoriented treatment is recommended. Psychotherapy and exercise should be offered as well.
| S-EPMC5523799 | biostudies-other
Project description:CASK-related disorders are a growing group of genetic neurodevelopmental syndromes. There is limited information about the effects of CASK mutations in human neurons. Therefore, we sought to delineate CASK mutation consequences and neuronal level effects using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from two mutation carriers; one male diagnosed with ASD and a female with MICPCH. We show a reduction of the CASK protein in maturing neurons from the mutation carriers, which leads to significant downregulation of gene sets involved in presynaptic development and CASK protein interactors. Furthermore, CASK-deficient neurons showed decreased inhibitory presynapse size as indicated by VGAT stainings, which may alter E/I balance in developing neural circuitries. Using in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy quantification of GABA in the male mutation carrier, we further highlight the possibility to validate in vitro cellular data in brain. Our data shows that future pharmacological and clinical studies on targeting presynapses and E/I imbalance could lead to specific treatments for CASK-related disorders.
2020-07-27 | GSE140572 | GEO
Project description:Here, we are measuring mRNA expression of CRISPRa targeting the promoter of mouse Scn2a in Neuro2a cells and in Mice.
2025-07-17 | GSE302897 | GEO
Project description:Here we are testing the effects and measuring mRNA expression of CRISPRa targeting the promoter of mouse Scn2a in Neuro2a cells
2022-04-01 | GSE193605 | GEO
Project description:In this study, we applied a proteomic approach to identify proteins differentially released/secreted by female and male gametocytes of the rodent Plasmodium berghei activated to form gametes. We compared secreted molecules of the wild type gametocytes with those of a transgenic line defective in male gamete maturation and egress. This enabled us to provide a comprehensive dataset of egress-related molecules and their gender specificity. Using specific antibodies, we validated eleven candidate molecules, predicted as either gender-specific or common to both male and female gametocytes. All of them localize to punctuate, vesicle-like structures that relocate to cell periphery upon activation, but only three of them localize to the gametocyte-specific secretory vesicles named osmiophilic bodies. Our results confirm that the egress process involves a tightly coordinated secretory apparatus that includes different types of vesicles and may put the basis for functional studies aimed at designing novel transmission-blocking molecules.
2019-12-04 | MSV000084655 | MassIVE