Dataset Information

Effect of Feeding Bacillus subtilis Spores to Broilers Challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Brazilian Strain UFPR1 on Performance, Immune Response, and Gut Health.

ABSTRACT: Salmonellosis is a poultry industry and public health concern worldwide. Recently, Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) has been reported in broilers in Brazil. The effect of feeding a blend of three strains of Bacillus subtilis (PRO) was studied in broilers orally challenged (10⁷ CFU/chick) or not with a SH isolated in south of Brazil (UFPR1 strain). Twelve male Cobb 500 broilers per pen were randomly assigned to six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment where PRO was added at 0, 250, or 500 g/ton of broiler feed and fed to either SH-challenged (SH Control, SH + PRO 250, and SH + PRO 500) or non-challenged birds (Control, PRO 250, and PRO 500). Broiler performance, histologic alterations in intestinal morphology, Salmonella quantification and immune cells counts in liver (macrophages, T CD4+ and T CD8+) were analyzed. Changes in the intestinal microbiota of broilers were also studied by metagenomics for Control, SH Control, SH + PRO 250, and SH + PRO 500 only. Feeding PRO at 250 or 500 g/ton reduced SH counts and incidence in liver and cecum at 21 days of age. It was observed that PRO groups increased the macrophage mobilization to the liver in SH-challenged birds (P < 0.05) but reduced these cells in the liver of non-challenged birds, showing an interesting immune cell dynamics effect. PRO at 250 g/ton did not affect gut histology, but improved animal performance (P < 0.05) while PRO at 500/ton did not affect animal performance but increased histologic alteration related to activation of the defense response in the ileum in SH challenged birds compared to control birds (P < 0.05). SH + PRO 500 group presented a more diverse cecal microbiota (Shannon-Wiener index; P < 0.05) compared to Control and SH Control groups; while SH + PRO 250 had greater ileal richness (JackkNife index) compared to Control (P < 0.05). PRO was effective in reducing Salmonella colonization in liver and cecum when fed at 250 or 500 g/ton to broilers inoculated with SH strain UFPR1. PRO promotes positive alterations in performance (at 250 g/ton), immune modulatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract, SH reduction, and intestinal microbiota modulation.

SUBMITTER: Hayashi RM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5816941 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effect of Feeding Bacillus subtilis Spores to Broilers Challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Brazilian Strain UFPR1 on Performance, Immune Response, and Gut Health.

Hayashi Ricardo Mitsuo RM Lourenço Mariana Camargo MC Kraieski Antônio Leonardo AL Araujo Raquel Bighetti RB Gonzalez-Esquerra Ricardo R Leonardecz Eduardo E da Cunha Anderson Ferreira AF Carazzolle Marcelo Falsarella MF Monzani Paulo Sérgio PS Santin Elizabeth E

Frontiers in veterinary science 20180213

Salmonellosis is a poultry industry and public health concern worldwide. Recently, Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH) has been reported in broilers in Brazil. The effect of feeding a blend of three strains of Bacillus subtilis (PRO) was studied in broilers orally challenged (107 CFU/chick) or not with a SH isolated in south of Brazil (UFPR1 strain). Twelve male Cobb 500 broilers per pen were randomly assigned to six treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment whe ...[more]

PMID: 29487856

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Project description:Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg is currently the 12th most common serovar of Salmonella enterica causing salmonellosis in the United States and results in twice the average incidence of blood infections caused by nontyphoidal salmonellae. Multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Heidelberg resulted from the same poultry processor, which infected 634 people during 2013 and 2014. The hospitalization and invasive illness rates were 38% and 15%, respectively. We hypothesized that the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg had enhanced stress tolerance and virulence capabilities. We sourced nine food isolates collected during the outbreak investigation and three reference isolates to assess their tolerance to heat and sanitizers, ability to attach to abiotic surfaces, and invasiveness in vitro We performed RNA sequencing on three isolates (two outbreak-associated isolates and a reference Salmonella Heidelberg strain) with various levels of heat tolerance to gain insight into the mechanism behind the isolates' enhanced heat tolerance. We also performed genomic analyses to determine the genetic relationships among the outbreak isolates. Ultimately, we determined that (i) six Salmonella Heidelberg isolates associated with the foodborne outbreak had enhanced heat tolerance, (ii) one outbreak isolate with enhanced heat tolerance also had an enhanced biofilm-forming ability under stressful conditions, (iii) exposure to heat stress increased the expression of Salmonella Heidelberg multidrug efflux and virulence genes, and (iv) outbreak-associated isolates were likely transcriptionally primed to better survive processing stresses and, potentially, to cause illness.IMPORTANCE This study provides a deep analysis of the intrinsic stress tolerance and virulence capabilities of Salmonella Heidelberg that may have contributed to the length and severity of a recent salmonellosis outbreak. Additionally, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic response of S. enterica strains to heat stress conditions and compares baseline stationary-phase gene expression among outbreak- and non-outbreak-associated Salmonella Heidelberg isolates. These data can be used in assay development to screen isolates for stress tolerance and subsequent survival. This study adds to our understanding of the strains associated with the outbreak and informs ongoing regulatory discussions on Salmonella in poultry.

Project description:Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg is isolated from poultry-producing regions around the world. In Brazil, S. Heidelberg has been frequently detected in poultry flocks, slaughterhouses, and chicken meat. The goal of the present study was to assess the population structure, recent temporal evolution, and some important genetic characteristics of S. Heidelberg isolated from Brazilian poultry farms. Phylogenetic analysis of 68 S. Heidelberg genomes sequenced here and additional whole-genome data from NCBI demonstrated that all isolates from the Brazilian poultry production chain clustered into a monophyletic group, here called S. Heidelberg Brazilian poultry lineage (SH-BPL). Bayesian analysis defined the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) as 2004, and the overall population size (Ne) was constant until 2008, when an ∼10-fold Ne increase was observed until circa 2013. SH-BPL presented at least two plasmids with replicons ColpVC (n = 68; 100%), IncX1 (n = 66; 97%), IncA/C2 (n = 65; 95.5%), ColRNAI (n = 43; 63.2%), IncI1 (n = 32; 47%), ColMG828, Col156, IncHI2A, IncHI2, IncQ1, IncX4, IncY, and TrfA (each with n < 4; <4% each). Antibiotic resistance genes were found, with high frequencies of fosA7 (n = 68; 100%), mdf(A) (n = 68; 100%), tet(34) (n = 68; 100%), sul2 (n = 64; 94.1%), and blaCMY-2 (n = 56; 82.3%), along with an overall multidrug resistance (MDR) profile. Ten Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI1 to SPI5, SPI9, and SPI11 to SPI14) and 139 virulence genes were also detected. The SH-BPL profile was like those of other previous S. Heidelberg isolates from poultry around the world in the 1990s. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the recent introduction (2004) and high level of dissemination of an MDR S. Heidelberg lineage in Brazilian poultry operations. IMPORTANCE S. Heidelberg is the most frequent serovar in several broiler farms from the main Brazilian poultry-producing regions. Therefore, avian-source foods (mainly chicken carcasses) commercialized in the country and exported to other continents are contaminated with this foodborne pathogen, generating several national and international economic losses. In addition, isolates of this serovar are usually resistant to antibiotics and can cause human invasive and septicemic infection, representing a public health concern. This study demonstrates the use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to obtain epidemiological information for one S. Heidelberg lineage highly spread among Brazilian poultry farms. This information will help to define biosecurity measures to control this important Salmonella serovar in Brazilian and worldwide poultry operations.

Dataset Information

Effect of Feeding Bacillus subtilis Spores to Broilers Challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg Brazilian Strain UFPR1 on Performance, Immune Response, and Gut Health.

Publications

Effect of Feeding <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores to Broilers Challenged with <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Heidelberg Brazilian Strain UFPR1 on Performance, Immune Response, and Gut Health.

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