Dataset Information

Molecular survey of basidiomycetes and divergence time estimation: An Indian perspective.

ABSTRACT: This study outlines the biodiversity of mushrooms of India. It reveals the molecular biodiversity and divergence time estimation of basidiomycetes from Gujarat, India. A total of 267 mushrooms were collected from 10 locations across the state. 225 ITS sequences were generated belonging to 105 species, 59 genera and 29 families. Phylogenetic analysis of Agaricaceae reveals monophyletic clade of Podaxis differentiating it from Coprinus. Further, the ancient nature of Podaxis supports the hypothesis that gasteroid forms evolved from secotioid forms. Members of Polyporaceae appeared polyphyletic. Further, our results of a close phylogenetic relationship between Trametes and Lenziteslead us to propose that the genera Trametes may by enlarged to include Lenzites. The tricholomatoid clade shows a clear demarcation for Entolomataceae. However, Lyophyllaceae and Tricholomataceae could not be distinguished clearly. Distribution studies of the mushrooms showed omnipresence of Ganoderma and Schizophyllum. Further, divergence time estimation shows that Dacrymycetes evolved in the Neoproterozoic Era and Hymenochaetales diverged from Agaricomycetes during the Silurian period.

SUBMITTER: Bhatt M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5957343 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular survey of basidiomycetes and divergence time estimation: An Indian perspective.

Bhatt Meghna M Mistri Pankti P Joshi Ishita I Ram Hemal H Raval Rinni R Thoota Sruthi S Patel Ankur A Raval Dhrupa D Bhargava Poonam P Soni Subhash S Bagatharia Snehal S Joshi Madhvi M

PloS one 20180517 5

This study outlines the biodiversity of mushrooms of India. It reveals the molecular biodiversity and divergence time estimation of basidiomycetes from Gujarat, India. A total of 267 mushrooms were collected from 10 locations across the state. 225 ITS sequences were generated belonging to 105 species, 59 genera and 29 families. Phylogenetic analysis of Agaricaceae reveals monophyletic clade of Podaxis differentiating it from Coprinus. Further, the ancient nature of Podaxis supports the hypothesi ...[more]

PMID: 29771956

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Project description:Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus Acrochordus and advanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the Neogene. Although caenophidian snakes are a well-supported clade, their inferred affinities, based either on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial. Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of Caenophidia and use three non-parametric measures of support-Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test (SHL), Felsentein (FBP) and transfer (TBE) bootstrap measures-to evaluate the robustness of each clade in the molecular tree. That very different alternative support values are common suggests that results based on only one support value should be viewed with caution. Using a scheme to combine support values, we find 20.9% of the 1265 clades comprising the inferred caenophidian tree are unambiguously supported by both SHL and FBP values, while almost 37% are unsupported or ambiguously supported, revealing the substantial extent of phylogenetic problems within Caenophidia. Combined FBP/TBE support values show similar results, while SHL/TBE result in slightly higher combined values. We consider key morphological attributes of colubroidean cranial, vertebral and hemipenial anatomy and provide additional morphological evidence supporting the clades Colubroides, Colubriformes, and Endoglyptodonta. We review and revise the relevant caenophidian fossil record and provide a time-calibrated tree derived from our molecular data to discuss the main cladogenetic events that resulted in present-day patterns of caenophidian diversification. Our results suggest that all extant families of Colubroidea and Elapoidea composing the present-day endoglyptodont fauna originated rapidly within the early Oligocene-between approximately 33 and 28 Mya-following the major terrestrial faunal turnover known as the "Grande Coupure" and associated with the overall climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our results further suggest that the caenophidian radiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence between Colubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.

Project description:BackgroundHypotension is a common entity in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is reported in 24%-50% of preterm infants with birth weight less than 1,500 g. Rapid diagnosis and aggressive management is crucial to reduce its detrimental effects on end-organs especially the brain. Physicians often rely on blood pressure alone as a reliable indicator of tissue perfusion, but variations exist in the definition of this crucial parameter. There are also practice variations in the use of diagnostic tools and management modalities among physicians.MethodologyA physician-based cross-sectional survey of management practices of hypotension in preterm neonates in Indian NICUs was conducted using an online survey tool. The questionnaire addressed diagnostic criteria used, utility of echocardiography for the assessment of hypotension, and management strategies used, such as volume expansion, inotropes and steroids.ResultsThree hundred and twenty physicians, working predominantly in Level III NICUs, responded to the survey. The practice of delayed cord clamping was followed in the units of 78% respondents. Only 44% respondents had an institutional written protocol for the management of hypotension. The criteria for the diagnosis of hypotension varied, with 52% using mean blood pressure (BP) less than gestational age as the criteria. Capillary refill time, blood pressure and heart rate were the most common clinical criteria used. 85% respondents used echocardiography in the NICU, but only 73% utilised it for assessment of a hypotensive neonate. Physicians preferred a 'volume-inotrope-echo-steroid' strategy, with 85% respondents using volume expansion. Dopamine was the preferred first line inotrope, followed by norepinephrine and low-dose epinephrine.ConclusionThis survey reflects significant variations in practice amongst neonatal physicians in India. Bedside targeted echocardiography needs to be better utilised as a vital tool to determine the pathophysiology of disease and hemodynamic monitoring in the management of hypotension in neonates. While further research is needed on outcome-oriented objectives, awareness and dissemination of already existing guidelines would be useful to standardize clinical practice.

Dataset Information

Molecular survey of basidiomycetes and divergence time estimation: An Indian perspective.

Publications

Molecular survey of basidiomycetes and divergence time estimation: An Indian perspective.

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