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Baricitinib-induced blockade of interferon gamma receptor and interleukin-6 receptor for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease.

ABSTRACT: The therapeutic benefits of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are derived from the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects of the procedure. There is a strong association between the GvL effects and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major life-threatening complication of allo-HSCT. The limiting of GvHD while maintaining the GvL effect remains the goal of allo-HSCT. Therefore, identifying optimal therapeutic targets to selectively suppress GvHD while maintaining the GvL effects represents a significant unmet medical need. We demonstrate that the dual inhibition of interferon gamma receptor (IFN?R) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL6R) results in near-complete elimination of GvHD in a fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched allo-HSCT model. Furthermore, baricitinib (an inhibitor of Janus kinases 1 and 2 (JAK1/JAK2) downstream of IFN?R/IL6R) completely prevented GvHD; expanded regulatory T cells by preserving JAK3-STAT5 signaling; downregulated CXCR3 and helper T cells 1 and 2 while preserving allogeneic antigen-presenting cell-stimulated T-cell proliferation; and suppressed the expression of major histocompatibility complex II (I-Ad), CD80/86, and PD-L1 on host antigen-presenting cells. Baricitinib also reversed established GvHD with 100% survival, thus demonstrating both preventive and therapeutic roles for this compound. Remarkably, baricitinib enhanced the GvL effects, possibly by downregulating tumor PD-L1 expression.

SUBMITTER: Choi J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6168427 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Baricitinib-induced blockade of interferon gamma receptor and interleukin-6 receptor for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease.

Choi Jaebok J Cooper Matthew L ML Staser Karl K Ashami Kidist K Vij Kiran R KR Wang Bing B Marsala Lynne L Niswonger Jessica J Ritchey Julie J Alahmari Bader B Achilefu Samuel S Tsunoda Ikuo I Schroeder Mark A MA DiPersio John F JF

Leukemia 20180402 11

The therapeutic benefits of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) are derived from the graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects of the procedure. There is a strong association between the GvL effects and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), a major life-threatening complication of allo-HSCT. The limiting of GvHD while maintaining the GvL effect remains the goal of allo-HSCT. Therefore, identifying optimal therapeutic targets to selectively suppress GvHD while maintaining the GvL ...[more]

PMID: 29691471

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Project description:BackgroundDysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been detected in diverse inflammatory disorders, including chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Interleukin-2 is critical for Treg cell growth, survival, and activity. We hypothesized that low-dose interleukin-2 could preferentially enhance Treg cells in vivo and suppress clinical manifestations of chronic GVHD.MethodsIn this observational cohort study, patients with chronic GVHD that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy received daily low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 (0.3×10(6), 1×10(6), or 3×10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area) for 8 weeks. The end points were safety and clinical and immunologic response. After a 4-week hiatus, patients with a response could receive interleukin-2 for an extended period.ResultsA total of 29 patients were enrolled. None had progression of chronic GVHD or relapse of a hematologic cancer. The maximum tolerated dose of interleukin-2 was 1×10(6) IU per square meter. The highest dose level induced unacceptable constitutional symptoms. Of the 23 patients who could be evaluated for response, 12 had major responses involving multiple sites. The numbers of CD4+ Treg cells were preferentially increased in all patients, with a peak median value, at 4 weeks, that was more than eight times the baseline value (P<0.001), without affecting CD4+ conventional T (Tcon) cells. The Treg:Tcon ratio increased to a median of more than five times the baseline value (P<0.001). The Treg cell count and Treg:Tcon ratio remained elevated at 8 weeks (P<0.001 for both comparisons with baseline values), then declined when the patients were not receiving interleukin-2. The increased numbers of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and could inhibit autologous Tcon cells. Immunologic and clinical responses were sustained in patients who received interleukin-2 for an extended period, permitting the glucocorticoid dose to be tapered by a mean of 60% (range, 25 to 100).ConclusionsDaily low-dose interleukin-2 was safely administered in patients with active chronic GVHD that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy. Administration was associated with preferential, sustained Treg cell expansion in vivo and amelioration of the manifestations of chronic GVHD in a substantial proportion of patients. (Funded by a Dana-Farber Dunkin' Donuts Rising Star award and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00529035.).

Dataset Information

Baricitinib-induced blockade of interferon gamma receptor and interleukin-6 receptor for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease.

Publications

Baricitinib-induced blockade of interferon gamma receptor and interleukin-6 receptor for the prevention and treatment of graft-versus-host disease.

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