Dataset Information

Separation and Bioactive Assay of 25R/S-Spirostanol Saponin Diastereomers from Yucca schidigera Roezl (Mojave) Stems.

ABSTRACT: In order to find a simple, generic, efficient separation method for 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers, the liquid chromatographic retention behaviors of C12 carbonylation and C12 unsubstituted 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers on different stationary phases (C₈, C18, C30 columns) and different mobile phases (MeOH-1% CH₃COOH and CH₃CN-1% CH₃COOH) were investigated. A C30 column was firstly found to offer the highest efficiency for the separation of this kind of diastereomers than C₈ and C18 columns. Meanwhile, the analysis results indicated that both CH₃CN-1% CH₃COOH and MeOH-1% CH₃COOH eluate systems were selective for C12 unsubstituted 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers, while MeOH-1% CH₃COOH possessed better selectivity for C12 carbonylation ones. Using the abovementioned analysis method, six pairs of 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers 1a⁻6a and 1b⁻6b from Yuccaschidigera Roezl (Mojave) were isolated successfully by using HPLC on C30 column for the first time. Among them, three pairs were new ones, named as (25R)-Yucca spirostanoside E₁ (1a), (25S)-Yucca spirostanoside E₁ (1b), (25R)-Yucca spirostanoside E₂ (2a), (25S)-Yucca spirostanoside E₂ (2b), (25R)-Yucca spirostanoside E₃ (3a), (25S)-Yucca spirostanoside E₃ (3b), respectively. Moreover, 3a, 5a, 6a, 3b⁻6b showed strong inhibitory activities on the growth of SW620 cell lines with the IC50 values of 12.02⁻69.17 μM.

SUBMITTER: Qu L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6222657 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Separation and Bioactive Assay of 25R/S-Spirostanol Saponin Diastereomers from Yucca schidigera Roezl (Mojave) Stems.

Qu Lu L Ruan Jingya J Wu Song S Huang Peijian P Yan Jiejing J Yu Haiyang H Zhang Yi Y Wang Tao T

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 20181008 10

In order to find a simple, generic, efficient separation method for 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers, the liquid chromatographic retention behaviors of C12 carbonylation and C12 unsubstituted 25R/S-spirostanol saponin diastereomers on different stationary phases (C₈, C18, C30 columns) and different mobile phases (MeOH-1% CH₃COOH and CH₃CN-1% CH₃COOH) were investigated. A C30 column was firstly found to offe ...[more]

PMID: 30297623

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Project description:This experiment evaluated the effects of supplementing a saponin-containing feed ingredient, manufactured from purified extract of Yucca schidigera [Micro-Aid (MA); DPI Global; Porterville, CA], on performance, health, and physiological responses of receiving cattle. A total of 105 recently weaned Angus x Hereford calves (75 steers and 30 heifers), originating from eight cow-calf operations, were obtained from an auction facility on day -2 and road transported (800 km; 12 h) to the experimental facility. Immediately after arrival on day -1, shrunk BW was recorded and calves were grouped with free-choice access to grass hay, mineral supplement, and water. On day 0, calves were ranked by sex, source, and shrunk BW, and allocated to one of 21 pens (5 calves/pen; being one or two heifers within each pen). Pens were assigned to receive a total mixed ration (TMR) and one of three treatments (as-fed basis): (1) 1 g/calf daily of MA (M1; n = 7), (2) 2 g/calf daily of MA (M2; n = 7), or (3) no MA supplementation (CON; n = 7). Calves received the TMR to yield 15% (as-fed basis) orts, and treatments were top-dressed from days 0 to 59. Calves were assessed for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) signs and TMR intake was recorded for each pen daily. Calves were vaccinated against BRD pathogens on days 0 and 21. Final shrunk BW was recorded on day 60, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 21, 28, 34, 45, and 59. ADG was greater (P = 0.03) in M2 vs. M1 and CON (1.53, 1.42, and 1.42 kg/day, respectively), and similar (P = 0.95) between M1 and CON calves. No treatment effects were detected for TMR intake (P = 0.52), whereas feed efficiency was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in M2 vs. M1 and CON calves (213, 200, and 204 g/kg, respectively) and similar (P = 0.40) between M1 and CON calves. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.39) for diagnosis of BRD signs. The number of antimicrobial treatments required upon BRD diagnosis was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in CON vs. M1 and M2 (1.40, 1.05, and 1.10 treatments, respectively), and similar (P = 0.60) between M1 and M2 calves. No other treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.23), including circulating concentrations of hormones and metabolites, serum antibody titers to BRD pathogens, and mRNA expression of innate immunity genes in whole blood. Collectively, results from this experiment suggest that MA supplementation at 2 g/animal daily enhances performance and response to BRD treatment in high-risk cattle during feedlot receiving.

Project description:This experiment compared incidence of frothy bloat, as well as ruminal, physiological, and performance responses of beef heifers receiving a bloat-provoking diet and supplemented with Yucca schidigera extract. Sixteen ruminally cannulated Angus-influenced heifers were ranked by body weight (BW) and assigned to 4 groups of 4 heifers each. Groups were enrolled in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design containing 4 periods of 28 d, and a 21-d washout interval between periods. Groups were assigned to receive no Y. schidigera extract (CON), or Y. schidigera extract at (as-fed basis) 1 g/heifer daily (YS1), 2 g/heifer daily (YS2), or 4 g/heifer daily (YS4). During each period, heifers (n = 16/treatment) were housed in individual pens, and fed a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)-based bloat-provocative diet at 2% of their BW. Diet and treatments were individually fed to heifers, twice daily in equal proportions (0700 and 1600 hours). Heifers were assessed for bloat score (0 to 5 scale, increasing according to bloat severity) 3 hr after the morning feeding. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 prior to (0 hr) and at 3, 6, and 9 hr relative to the morning feeding. Rumen fluid samples were collected at the same time points on days 0 and 28. Orthogonal contrasts were tested to determine whether inclusion of Y. schidigera extract (0, 1, 2, or 4 g/heifer daily) yielded linear or quadratic effects, and explore an overall effect of Y. schidigera extract supplementation (CON vs. YS1 + YS2 + YS4). Rumen fluid viscosity was impacted quadratically by Y. schidigera extract inclusion (P = 0.02), being greatest in YS1, followed by YS2, and equivalent between CON and YS4 heifers. Heifers receiving Y. schidigera extract had greater (P ≤ 0.05) rumen propionate, iso-valerate, and valerate concentrations, as well as less (P < 0.01) acetate : propionate ratio compared with CON heifers. Inclusion of Y. schidigera extract linearly increased (P ≤ 0.04) average daily gain and feed efficiency. No other treatment effects were noted (P ≥ 0.19) including bloat score (1.07 ± 0.03 across treatments), ruminal protozoa count, plasma concentrations of cortisol, haptoglobin, urea N, total protein, and rumen concentration of total volatile fatty acids. Supplementing Y. schidigera extract up to 4 g/d favored rumen propionate concentrations and linearly increased growth and feed efficiency but failed to mitigate incidence of frothy bloat in beef heifers consuming a grain-based bloat-provocative diet.

Project description:Weaning piglets experienced the transformation from breast milk to solid feed and present the proliferation of pathogens, the presence of diarrhea, poor growth performance and even death. Plant extracts and probiotics have certain potential in improving animal growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of dietary yucca schidigera extract (YSE) and oral Candida utilis (CU) on growth performance and intestinal health weaned piglets. According to a 2 × 2 factorial design with the main factors being CU (orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline with or without CU; fed basal diet with or without 120 mg/kg YSE), forty 28 d healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 barrows each: (1) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (CON); (2) piglets fed basal diet and orally administered 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (CU); (3) piglets fed the basal diet containing YSE (120 mg/kg) and orally administered 1 mL of 0.85% saline (YSE); (4) Piglets fed the basal diet containing 120 mg/kg YSE and 1 mL 1 × 109 cfu/mL C. utilis in 0.85% saline (YSE+CU). This study lasted 28 days and evaluated the effects of dietary YSE and oral CU on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant function, ileal morphology, and intestinal microflora in weaned piglets. Dietary YSE increased ADG, the spleen and lymph node indexes, serum GLU, BUN, T-SOD, T-AOC, CAT concentrations, ileal villus height and villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations and ileal occludin concentration in weaned piglets (P < 0.05); decreased the diarrhea rate and mortality, rectal pH and urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Orally CU increased ADG, and ADFI, the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, ileal villus height, villus height/crypt depth, jejunum occludin, and β-definsin-2 concentrations (P < 0.05); reduced the diarrhea rate and mortality, urine pH, the BUN and MDA concentrations, crypt depth (P < 0.05); improved the diversity of cecal microflora. Dietary YSE and orally CU increased the T-SOD, T-AOC, and CAT activity, villus height/crypt depth, jejunal occludin concentration; reduced the diarrhea rate of weaned piglets by 28%, gastric pH, ileal pH, cecal pH and urine pH, MDA, crypt depth; improved the diversity of cecal microflora. YSE and CU could improve the growth performance, reduce the diarrhea rate, improve intestinal health, and increase the diversity and abundance of cecal microflora in weaned piglets and expected to be used as antibiotics alternative feed additives in the production of weaned piglets.

Project description:In the diet of calves, the search for additives that aid in their development is essential due to the impact that these can generate throughout their lives, resulting in a relationship with their longevity and the maintenance of the herd. Yuca schidigera has been used in ruminant diets, impacting health and performance; however, there are few reports on its intake by dairy cattle in the rearing phase. Therefore, this study's objective was to evaluate whether adding Yucca schidigera to the diet of calves in the rearing phase can benefit health, productive performance, and feed efficiency. The study was conducted over 60 days, with 24 calves divided into two groups: G1 had no added Yucca schidigera and G2 had 188 mg of Yucca schidigera added per kg of dry matter intake. Data and samples were collected at 30-day intervals. No treatment effect was observed in body weight, weight gain, daily weight gain, or feed intake (p > 0.05); however, the calves in G2 showed 26.3% lower feed efficiency than those in G1. Using the concentrate consumption of the calves, the amount of Yucca schidigera ingested was calculated, i.e., 555 mg/calf/day. The total leukocyte count was significantly lower in the calves in G2 compared to G1 on the 60th day. No effect from the treatment or treatment × day interaction was observed for the hematologic variables: erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets. The activities of the enzyme's gamma glutamyl transferase and aspartate aminotransferase were higher in the animals in group G2. There was no effect from the treatment on albumin, globulin, total protein, C-reactive protein, glucose, cholesterol, urea, or amylase. There was a treatment × day interaction for levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione S-transferase, which were higher in the blood of calves in group G2 compared to the control. The activity of myeloperoxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase did not differ between groups. Tumor necrosis factor and interleukins (IL-1 and IL-6) in the serum of calves that consumed Yucca schidigera were higher on day 60 compared to the control. A higher concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the ruminal fluid was observed in animals in group G2 compared to G1, primarily due to the higher levels of acetic acid. The amounts of propionate and butyrate were lower in the ruminal fluid of calves in group G2. These results allow us to conclude that the consumption of Yucca schidigera at a dose of 555 mg/animal/day interferes with calves' metabolism and negatively affects feed efficiency.

Dataset Information

Separation and Bioactive Assay of 25R/S-Spirostanol Saponin Diastereomers from Yucca schidigera Roezl (Mojave) Stems.

Publications

Separation and Bioactive Assay of 25<i>R</i>/<i>S</i>-Spirostanol Saponin Diastereomers from <i>Yucca schidigera</i> Roezl (Mojave) Stems.

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