Project description:Central venous catheters are the prevalent path for dialysis. Our case was a 54-years-old male with a new case of end-stage renal disease with a complaint of right jugular hemodialysis catheter dysfunction. In our case, the early dysfunctional catheter should be evaluated with contrast studies to achieve accurate information.
Project description:Right heart thrombi (RHT) continues to pose a clinical dilemma for multiple specialties and is especially concerning when present with concomitant pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients with PE and RHT are at an increased risk of poor outcomes compared to PE without RHT. Although the exact incidence of RHT is unknown, the increasing use of point-of-care ultrasound may lead to an increased detection and frequency of RHT. There are multiple treatment strategies available for RHT, including anticoagulation, systemic thrombolysis, and endovascular and surgical therapies. Given that these treatment strategies involve multiple medical specialties, the management of RHT with concomitant PE can be complex. Currently, there is limited clinical data and guidelines on the treatment and management of RHT. We aim to provide a review on RHT with concomitant PE, including risk stratification, treatment considerations, and our approach to the management of RHT.
Project description:In all young and middle-aged patients presenting with symptoms of acute heart failure and new heart murmurs, sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) rupture should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Most of SVAs rupture into the right side of the heart. Percutaneous closure is a less invasive alternative to surgery. A 25-year-old man presented with shortness of breath New York Heart Association class III of nine months' duration with a progressive course. He had a continuous murmur with maximum intensity over the left sternal border and propagated all over the pericardium. Chest radiographs revealed moderate congestion. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms with 3D imaging revealed a shunt between the ruptured noncoronary SVA and the right atrium. Percutaneous closure decided; the wire passed from superior vena caca through the ruptured sinus to the aorta. The distal disc of the device deployed in the aorta and the proximal disc in the right atrium. The ruptured aneurysm closed with no more flow to the right atrium. The patient was discharged from the hospital after two days. In conclusion, device closure of ruptured coronary sinus to the right atrium is feasible and safe. Surgery should be reserved for patients with failed device closure. <Learning objective: The feasibility, safety, and technique of transcatheter closure of ruptured noncoronary sinus of Valsalva to the right atrium. The role of transesophageal echocardiography in ruptured sinus of Valsalva diagnosis and guiding the device closure.>.
Project description:Thin, slender, filament like structure is common finding in right atrium echocardiographically. These structures generally represent embryological remnants like thebasian valve, eustachian valve and chiari network. Apart from these variants, they can also be initial finding of thrombotic process specially in the presence of central venous catheter. Early detection and removing the catheter can prevent further thromboembolism in such cases.
Project description:Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a congenital connection between a coronary artery and cardiac chambers, or a vessel bypassing a capillary system. The clinical presentation of congenital CAF varies, depending on its size and the draining chamber. A 40-year-old female presented with right-sided heart failure and was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and computed tomography with 3D printing to have substantial coronary to right atrium fistula. Left main artery was cannulated to the outlet of the fistula at the base of the superior vena cava to the right atrium. The wire snared and created the arterio-venous loop. A 7F delivery sheath through the arterio-venous loop landed in proximal left circumflex part of the fistula, Amplatzer duct occluder I size 12/10 selected with the distal (aortic) skirt positioned distal to the most distal visible coronary branch. We waited for 10 min monitoring the ST segments for any changes. Finally, the device was released with complete closure of the fistula sparing all coronary branches. Follow-up transthoracic echocardiography after six months showed no flow to fistula sacs; the patient's symptoms improved dramatically. In conclusion, transcatheter closure of an isolated enormous multiloculated CAF is feasible and relatively safe. Surgery should be reserved for CAF with failed percutaneous closure. <Learning objective: Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a congenital connection between a coronary artery and cardiac chambers, or a vessel bypassing a capillary system. Closure of CAF is indicated for symptomatic patients or asymptomatic patients with huge fistulas. Transcatheter closure approaches are considered an alternative to surgical correction with proven efficacy and safety, with similar morbidity and mortality. Surgery should be reserved for CAF with failed percutaneous closure.>.
Project description:Echocardiography is the most common routine cardiac imaging method. Nevertheless, only few data about sex-specific reference limits for right atrium (RA) dimensions are available. Transthoracic echocardiographic RA measurements were studied in 9511 participants of the Gutenberg-Health-Study. A reference sample of 1942 cardiovascular healthy subjects without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was defined. We assessed RA dimensions and sex-specific reference limits were defined using the 95th percentile of the reference sample. Results showed sex-specific differences with larger RA dimensions in men that were attenuated by standardization for body-height. RA-volume was 20.2 ml/m in women (5th-95th: 12.7-30.4 ml/m) and 26.1 ml/m in men (5th-95th: 16.0-40.5 ml/m). Multivariable regressions identified body-mass-index (BMI), coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) as independent key correlates of RA-volume in both sexes. All-cause mortality after median follow-up-period of 10.7 (9.81/11.6) years was higher in individuals who had RA volume/height outside the 95% reference limit (HR 1.70 [95%CI 1.29-2.23], P = 0.00014)). Based on a large community-based sample, we present sex-specific reference-values for RA dimensions normalized for height. RA-volume varies with BMI, CHF, CAD and AF in both sexes. Individuals with RA-volume outside the reference limit had a 1.7-fold higher mortality than those within reference limits.