Dataset Information

Phytophthora cinnamomi.

ABSTRACT: Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most devastating plant pathogens in the world. It infects close to 5000 species of plants, including many of importance in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The inadvertent introduction of P. cinnamomi into natural ecosystems, including a number of recognized Global Biodiversity Hotspots, has had disastrous consequences for the environment and the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The genus Phytophthora belongs to the Class Oomycetes, a group of fungus-like organisms that initiate plant disease through the production of motile zoospores. Disease control is difficult in agricultural and forestry situations and even more challenging in natural ecosystems as a result of the scale of the problem and the limited range of effective chemical inhibitors. The development of sustainable control measures for the future management of P. cinnamomi requires a comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of pathogen development and pathogenicity. The application of next-generation sequencing technologies to generate genomic and transcriptomic data promises to underpin a new era in P. cinnamomi research and discovery. The aim of this review is to integrate bioinformatic analyses of P. cinnamomi sequence data with current knowledge of the cellular and molecular basis of P. cinnamomi growth, development and plant infection. The goal is to provide a framework for future research by highlighting potential pathogenicity genes, shedding light on their possible functions and identifying suitable targets for future control measures.

Taxonomy

Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands; Kingdom Chromista; Phylum Oomycota or Pseudofungi; Class Oomycetes; Order Peronosporales; Family Peronosporaceae; genus Phytophthora.

Host range

Infects about 5000 species of plants, including 4000 Australian native species. Host plants important for agriculture and forestry include avocado, chestnut, macadamia, oak, peach and pineapple.

Disease symptoms

A root pathogen which causes rotting of fine and fibrous roots, but which can also cause stem cankers. Root damage may inhibit water movement from roots to shoots, leading to dieback of young shoots. USEFUL WEBSITES: http://fungidb.org/fungidb/; http://genome.jgi.doe.gov/Phyci1/Phyci1.home.html; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314365.1; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/assembly/GCA_001314505.1.

SUBMITTER: Hardham AR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6637996 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Hardham Adrienne R AR Blackman Leila M LM

Molecular plant pathology 20170822 2

Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the most devastating plant pathogens in the world. It infects close to 5000 species of plants, including many of importance in agriculture, forestry and horticulture. The inadvertent introduction of P. cinnamomi into natural ecosystems, including a number of recognized Global Biodiversity Hotspots, has had disastrous consequences for the environment and the biodiversity of flora and fauna. The genus Phytophthora belongs to the Class Oomycetes, a group of fungus-l ...[more]

PMID: 28519717

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Project description:BackgroundPhlomis plants are a source of biological active substances with potential applications in the control of phytopathogens. Phlomis purpurea (Lamiaceae) is autochthonous of southern Iberian Peninsula and Morocco and was found to be resistant to Phytophthora cinnamomi. Phlomis purpurea has revealed antagonistic effect in the rhizosphere of Quercus suber and Q. ilex against P. cinnamomi. Phlomis purpurea roots produce bioactive compounds exhibiting antitumor and anti-Phytophthora activities with potential to protect susceptible plants. Although these important capacities of P. purpurea have been demonstrated, there is no transcriptomic or genomic information available in public databases that could bring insights on the genes underlying this anti-oomycete activity.ResultsUsing Illumina technology we obtained a de novo assembly of P. purpurea transcriptome and differential transcript abundance to identify putative defence related genes in challenged versus non-challenged plants. A total of 1,272,600,000 reads from 18 cDNA libraries were merged and assembled into 215,739 transcript contigs. BLASTX alignment to Nr NCBI database identified 124,386 unique annotated transcripts (57.7%) with significant hits. Functional annotation identified 83,550 out of 124,386 unique transcripts, which were mapped to 141 pathways. 39% of unigenes were assigned GO terms. Their functions cover biological processes, cellular component and molecular functions. Genes associated with response to stimuli, cellular and primary metabolic processes, catalytic and transporter functions were among those identified. Differential transcript abundance analysis using DESeq revealed significant differences among libraries depending on post-challenge times. Comparative cyto-histological studies of P. purpurea roots challenged with P. cinnamomi zoospores and controls revealed specific morphological features (exodermal strips and epi-cuticular layer), that may provide a constitutive efficient barrier against pathogen penetration. Genes involved in cutin biosynthesis and in exodermal Casparian strips formation were up-regulated.ConclusionsThe de novo assembly of transcriptome using short reads for a non-model plant, P. purpurea, revealed many unique transcripts useful for further gene expression, biological function, genomics and functional genomics studies. The data presented suggest a combination of a constitutive resistance and an increased transcriptional response from P. purpurea when challenged with the pathogen. This knowledge opens new perspectives for the understanding of defence responses underlying pathogenic oomycete/plant interaction upon challenge with P. cinnamomi.

Project description:The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi has significantly damaged the floristic diversity and community structure of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest in Western Australia. Complete eradication of the pathogen from infested sites is not possible. This study assessed the feasibility of rehabilitating P. cinnamomi-infested forest sites with native resistant species using various methods of seed deployment. Precision burial of seeds at 5 mm was used as a control, mimicking optimum recruitment depths for many native species and compared against the use of extruded pellets (hereafter 'pellets') as an alternative method of precision seed placement. Eighteen rehabilitation plots were set up in three P. cinnamomi-infested reserves using six species. For Acacia acuminata, A. saligna, Calothamnus sanguineus and Melaleuca seriata, there were three treatments: precision buried (non-pelleted) seeds, pellets and pellets with an additive (i.e., a rhizobium bacterium for the Acacia spp. and ectomycorrhizal fungus spores for C. sanguineus and M. seriata). Banksia sessilis and Hakea laurina had only two treatments: precision buried (non-pelleted) seeds and pellets. Seedlings of all six species emerged successfully in P. cinnamomi-infested sites, and the numbers ranged between 23% and 88%. The survival of emerged seedlings after 9 months ranged between 16% and 84%, except M. seriata, which emerged at 59% but failed to survive. In most species, except A. acuminata, seedling emergence and survival from pellets were similar and within an acceptable seedling establishment range when compared to non-pelleted seeds. Pelletised seed with the addition of beneficial microbes did not improve seedling survival or shoot growth in the diseased areas of the jarrah forest. Overall, the results suggest that seedlings of resistant native species can successfully establish in P. cinnamomi-infested sites and pelletised seeds can be used as a viable method for precision planting.

Dataset Information

Phytophthora cinnamomi.

Taxonomy

Host range

Disease symptoms

Publications

Phytophthora cinnamomi.

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