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Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion.

ABSTRACT: Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer (4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract (400 mg/kg) and ?-, ?-, or ?-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), and were oxidized in the iron presence at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation of emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxide contents and p-anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stability of emulsions was improved by added peppermint extract, and co-added ?- and ?-tocopherols further reduced lipid oxidation, however, ?-tocopherol increased it. Tocopherol contents did not change during oxidation. Polyphenol degradation in the emulsion with added peppermint extract was lower and slower by ?- and ?-tocopherols, however, ?-tocopherol showed opposite results. The results suggest that co-addition of tocopherols to the emulsion containing peppermint extract shift a major role of polyphenols as antioxidants from scavenging lipid (peroxy) radicals to tocopherol radical scavenging.

SUBMITTER: Kim J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6859179 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion.

Kim Jihee J Choe Eunok E

Food science and biotechnology 20190417 6

Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer (4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract (400 mg/kg) and α-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), and were oxidized in the iron presence at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation of emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxide contents and <i>p</i>-anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stabili ...[more]

PMID: 31807340

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Project description:ImportanceCritically ill pediatric patients often require parenteral nutrition (PN) in the intensive care unit (ICU). Literature suggests mixed lipid emulsions (LE) with soybean oil reduction strategies may improve outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine the association of a hospital-wide switch to a mixed-lipid formula (4-OLE) with pediatric outcomes.Design, setting, and participantsRetrospective cohort study at a large US academic referral center. Pediatric patients aged 1 month to 17 years requiring parenteral nutrition from May 2016 to September 2019 were included. Data were analyzed from October 2020 to February 2023.ExposureIn 2017, Duke University Health System fully converted to a soybean oil/MCT/olive/fish oil lipid (4-OLE) from pure soybean oil-based LE in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients before the change (Intralipid [IL] group) were compared with patients after (4-OLE group).Main outcomes and measuresClinical outcomes were compared between treatment periods via multivariable regression models. The primary outcome was hospital length of stay (LOS). Fourteen secondary outcomes included hospital mortality of any cause, 30-day or 90-day readmission, pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), total caloric delivery, and liver function tests (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin).ResultsA total of 684 children dependent on PN were identified (342 were critically ill), with 30% (206 children) in the preswitch (IL) period and 70% (478 children) in the postswitch (4-OLE) period; 123 were male (59.7%). In comparing IL vs 4-OLE, there was a significant difference in median (IQR) age (4.0 [1.2-13.0] vs 3.0 [0.8-9.0] years, respectively; P = .04), without difference in body mass index or baseline comorbidities except for significant differences in cancer diagnosis (26 patients in the IL group [12.6%] vs 29 patients in the 4-OLE group [6.1%]; P = .004) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (24 patients in the IL group [11.7%] vs 30 patients in the 4-OLE group [6.3%]; P = .02). In the all children cohort, 4-OLE was associated with shorter hospital LOS (IRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.05-0.78), and reduced UTI risk (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.64). In the ICU cohort, 4-OLE was associated with shorter hospital LOS (IRR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.78-0.83), and reduced UTI risk (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.11-0.51). Other secondary outcomes were not significant.Conclusions and relevanceIn this observational study of clinical outcomes among children dependent on PN, a switch to 4-OLE in a large academic hospital was associated with a significant decrease in hospital LOS in ICU and non-ICU patients. These findings suggest switching to a soy-LE sparing strategy using 4-OLE is feasible, safe, and associated with improved clinical outcomes in pediatric PN patients.

Project description:BackgroundHome parenteral nutrition (HPN) can be associated with increased liver enzymes, catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI), and hospitalizations. Mixed oil (MO) versus soybean oil (SO) lipid emulsion reduces risks in hospitalized patients, but there are no randomized double-blinded controlled trials in HPN. Therefore, the primary objective was to test the study's feasibility such as recruitment and retention in the HPN population and the secondary objective was to assess changes in liver enzymes between MO and SO as well as other clinical and biochemical outcomes.MethodsThis 13-month prospective double-blind crossover randomized pilot trial took place in Toronto, Canada. Participants were HPN patients who were a part of the HPN program at Toronto General Hospital. We recruited patients from the HPN program. HPN patients receiving SO were randomized to either MO or SO, and the study duration was 6 months in each arm (MO or SO) with a 1-month washout period resuming SO. As this is a crossover trial design, the patient is his/her own control. The main outcome measures were descriptions of study feasibility, namely the study recruitment and retention. We also collected biochemical parameters, CRSBI, hospitalization rate, antibiotic use, and mortality. Demographic, nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months of each arm. The primary analysis population was defined as the per-protocol population who completed the trial including all lipid measurements.ResultsA total of 65 HPN patients were assessed, and 60 met the inclusion criteria for the study. Thirty-five percent (21/60) were randomized using a computer-generated random number sequence generator: 10 participants were randomized to receive SO first while 11 were randomized to receive MO first. At 13 months, 3/10 who received SO first completed the study, whereas 9/11 who received MO first completed the study. This did not meet our a priori criteria for success in recruitment and retention. Between types of lipid emulsions, there were no significant differences in changes in liver enzymes or biochemical and clinical outcomes, despite significant changes in plasma free fatty acid composition reflecting MO or SO.ConclusionsOverall, this pilot trial demonstrated that the use of a prospective double-blind, crossover, randomized trial design was not feasible to conduct in the HPN population because of difficulties in recruiting and retaining patients. In addition, there was no significant impact of MO versus SO lipid emulsion on liver enzymes or most parameters. The lack of significance may be attributed to low sample size from low recruitment and high drop-out rate, short study duration (6 months/arm), and complex care. In a future definitive trial, a multicenter study of longer duration and a larger sample size is recommended, and drop-outs may be reduced by using a parallel study design.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02796833. Registered on 13 June 2016-retrospectively registered.

Project description:In order to mitigate the risk of antibiotic resistance in poultry, scientists nowadays consider plant secondary metabolites to be a major organic antibacterial substitute. This study aimed to characterize and investigate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo antibacterial effects of peppermint essential oil (PEO) in the form of a nanoemulsion (NE), termed PEONE. Menthol as a major compound of PEO has been identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GCMS) analysis as 32.3 %, while lower droplet size, polydispersity Index (PDI), and optimum zeta potential values depicted the stability of PEONE have been observed and validated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph image. In silico antibacterial activity was studied by molecular docking of menthol and enrofloxacin with Topoisomerase IV protein (PDB: 1s16;) of Escherichia coli K12 MG1655 and this effect was validated by in vitro and in vivo analysis. In vitro analysis, sustained release of PEONE has been observed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this study for in vivo experiments (n = 90) day-old broiler chicks were distributed into 6 dietary treatments with 5 replicates of 3 birds per replication. Dietary treatments included 1) Negative control (basal diet), 2) Positive control (basal diet + 200 µl enrofloxacin), 3) 25 µl PEONE + basal diet, 4) 50 µl PEONE + basal diet, 5) 75 µl PEONE + basal diet, and 6) 100 µl PEONE + basal diet. Analyzed data by different statistical tools confirmed that PEONE significantly affected body weight gain (BWG) with an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control group. A significant increase in cecal Lactobacillus count and a decrease in total coliform was observed. Positive effects on physiological parameters, visceral organs, and meat quality characteristics have been observed. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that PEONE can be used in the broiler industry as a substitute for antibiotics to minimize bacterial resistance.

Dataset Information

Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion.

Publications

Interaction effect of tocopherol homologs with peppermint extract on the iron-catalyzed oxidation of soybean oil-in-water emulsion.

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