French Pandemic Resistance.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Haug C
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7207074 | biostudies-literature | 2020 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Custom microarrays were used to examine differential gene expression between pyrethroid resistant vs pyrethroid susceptible phenotypes of the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Pyrethroid resistant population were from Cayenne (French Guiana, GUY), Baie Mahault (Guadeloupe, GUA) and Noumea (New Caledonia, CAL) whilst New Orleans lab colony represented the lab susceptible strain Pools of total RNA was extracted from the whole bodies of 3 day old female mosquitoes that had survived exposure to 0.06% deltamethrin (for GUY, GUA, CAL) . Single colour hybridization experiments were performed using labelled cDNA on the Agilent 'Aedes aegypti detox chip plus': A-MTAB-574. Four unique biological replicates per population were used in the study
2015-11-08 | E-MTAB-4022 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:BACKGROUND: In July, 2009, French health authorities, like those in many other countries, decided to embark on a mass vaccination campaign against the pandemic A(H1N1) influenza. Private general practitioners (GPs) were not involved in this campaign. We studied GPs' pandemic vaccine (pvaccine) uptake, quantified the relative contribution of its potential explanatory factors and studied whether their own vaccination choice was correlated with their recommendations to patients about pvaccination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this cross-sectional telephone survey, professional investigators interviewed an existing panel of randomly selected private GPs (N = 1431; response rate at inclusion in the panel: 36.8%; participation rate in the survey: 100%). The main outcome variable was GPs' own pvaccine uptake. We used an averaging multi-model approach to quantify the relative contribution of factors associated with their vaccination. The pvaccine uptake rate was 61% (95%CI = 58.3-63.3). Four independent factors contributed the most to this rate (partial Nagelkerke's R(2)): history of previous vaccination against seasonal influenza (14.5%), perception of risks and efficacy of the pvaccine (10.8%), opinions regarding the organization of the vaccination campaign (7.1%), and perception of the pandemic's severity (5.2%). Overall, 71.3% (95%CI = 69.0-73.6) of the participants recommended pvaccination to young adults at risk and 40.1% (95%CI = 37.6-42.7) to other young adults. GPs' own pvaccination was strongly predictive of their recommendation to both young adults at risk (OR = 9.6; 95%CI = 7.2-12.6) and those not at risk (OR = 8.5; 95%CI = 6.4-11.4). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that around 60% of French private GPs followed French authorities' recommendations about vaccination of health care professionals against the A(H1N1) influenza. They pinpoint priority levers for improving preparedness for future influenza pandemics. Besides encouraging GPs' own uptake of regular vaccination against seasonal influenza, providing GPs with clear information about the risks and efficacy of any new pvaccine and involving them in the organization of any future vaccine campaign may improve their pvaccine uptake.
| S-EPMC3411730 | biostudies-other
Project description:This study evaluates the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of 8004 French students in the East part of France, which has been the first and hardest hit region by the Covid-19 pandemic. This is, to our knowledge, the largest study conducted on mental health of students during the pandemic. Our results show that students suffer from particularly high level of anxiety, depression and distress. A significant proportion of students might require psychological support, especially because the high distress scores suggest that the epidemic and confinement have favored the emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms.
| S-EPMC7445153 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Influenza-vaccination rates among healthcare workers (HCW) remain low worldwide, even during the 2009 A(H1N1) pandemic. In France, this vaccination is free but administered on a voluntary basis. We investigated the factors influencing HCW influenza vaccination. METHODS: In June-July 2010, HCW from wards of five French hospitals completed a cross-sectional survey. A multifaceted campaign aimed at improving vaccination coverage in this hospital group was conducted before and during the 2009 pandemic. Using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, we assessed the relationships between seasonal (SIV) and pandemic (PIV) influenza vaccinations, and sociodemographic and professional characteristics, previous and current vaccination statuses, and 33 statements investigating 10 sociocognitive domains. The sociocognitive domains describing HCWs' SIV and PIV profiles were analyzed using the classification-and-regression-tree method. RESULTS: Of the HCWs responding to our survey, 1480 were paramedical and 401 were medical with 2009 vaccination rates of 30% and 58% for SIV and 21% and 71% for PIV, respectively (p<0.0001 for both SIV and PIV vaccinations). Older age, prior SIV, working in emergency departments or intensive care units, being a medical HCW and the hospital they worked in were associated with both vaccinations; while work shift was associated only with PIV. Sociocognitive domains associated with both vaccinations were self-perception of benefits and health motivation for all HCW. For medical HCW, being a role model was an additional domain associated with SIV and PIV. CONCLUSIONS: Both vaccination rates remained low. Vaccination mainly depended on self-determined factors and for medical HCW, being a role model.
| S-EPMC3407215 | biostudies-other
Project description:In recent years, we have moved from the sporadic description of terbinafine-resistant (TerR) Trichophyton spp. isolates to the Indian outbreak due to T. indotineae. Population flows have spread TerR worldwide, altering local epidemiology. We conducted a prospective multicentric study to determine the relative frequency of TerR isolates in France (Paris area) and of the newly introduced T. indotineae species. TerR isolates were screened by the terbinafine-containing-agar-medium (TCAM) method and confirmed by EUCAST. Sequencing methods were used to identify isolates to the species/genotype level and to analyze substitutions in the squalene epoxidase gene (SQLE). In total, 3 isolates out of 580 (T. rubrumn = 1; T. interdigitalen = 1; T. indotineaen = 1) grew on TCAM, showed terbinafine resistance by EUCAST and harbored the Phe397Leu (n = 2) or Leu393Ser (n = 1) substitution in the SQLE. ITS-sequencing of isolates of the T. mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex (n = 125) revealed a relative frequency of 4.8% for T. indotineae and the presence of T. mentagrophytes genotype VII. Despite the detection of terbinafine resistance, isolates from this complex remained susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole and amorolfine. Terbinafine resistance is present in France and the dermatophyte epidemiology is changing. Efficient systems must be implemented to survey the evolution of newly introduced species and to identify TerR isolates.
| S-EPMC8948947 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic inevitably had consequences on routine surgical procedures. The objective was to quantify changes to five surgical procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic namely cataract surgery, hip and knee arthoplasties, coronary revascularization by angioplasty and definitive cardiac stimulation.Materials and methodAll hospitalizations with at least one act of each surgery between January 1, 2019, and June 30, 2021, were included from the database of all French residents' health-related expenses. Percentage changes between observed and expected numbers of hospital stays were calculated for each surgery in 2020 and the first half of 2021 with 95% Confidence Intervals. Expected numbers were calculated from the number in 2019 by applying an average annual change between 2015 and 2019. The type of intervention (primary operation or reoperation/revision) and/or the emergency status were also considered.ResultsA total of 2,153,857 hospitalizations for cataract surgery (0.6% revision), 398,213 for hip arthroplasty (10.9% revision and 26.9% in emergency), 276,607 for knee arthroplasty (8.2% revision), 471,318 for coronary angioplasty (48.7% in emergency) and 178,441 for cardiac stimulation (27.6% revision) were included. Activity was lower than expected in 2020 (cataract surgery: -21.9% [-22.5;-21.4]; hip arthroplasty: -13.4% [-14.8;-12.0]; knee arthroplasty: -24.6% [-26.1;-23.0]; coronary angioplasty: -11.2% [-12.7;-9.7]) without any catch-up in the first half of 2021 (cataract surgery: -5.0% [-5.8;-4.3]; hip arthroplasty: -9.9% [-11.6;-8.2]; knee arthroplasty: -22.0% [-24.0;-20.1]; coronary angioplasty: -12,1% [-13.9;-10.4]). Revisions and non-elective interventions also decreased but to a lesser magnitude. Cardiac stimulation activity was almost in line with expectations (-2.6% [-4.9; -0.3]/+0.6 [-2.2; +3.4]).ConclusionThis study shows that there was a marked decrease in four routine surgeries compared to expectations through to at least the first half of 2021, despite the gradual national rollout of the vaccine.
| S-EPMC9065655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In South America, Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine was recently reported in Brazil and Bolivia. The objective of this study was to collect data on chloroquine resistance in French Guiana by associating a retrospective evaluation of therapeutic efficacy with an analysis of recurrent parasitemia from any patients. Patients with P. vivax infection, confirmed by microscopy and a body temperature of ≥37.5°C, were retrospectively identified at Cayenne Hospital between 2009 and 2015. Follow-up and treatment responses were performed according to the World Health Organization protocol. Parasite resistance was confirmed after dosage of a plasma concentration of chloroquine and microsatellite characterization. The pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes were analyzed for sequence and gene copy number variation. Among the 172 patients followed for 28 days, 164 presented adequate clinical and parasitological responses. Eight cases of treatment failures were identified (4.7%; n = 8/172), all after 14 days. The therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine was estimated at 95.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.5 to 98.1%; n = 164/172). Among the eight failures, five were characterized: two cases were true P. vivax chloroquine resistance (1.2%; 95% CI, 0 to 2.6%; n = 2/172), and three cases were found with subtherapeutic concentrations of chloroquine. No particular polymorphism in the Plasmodium vivaxpvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes was identified in the resistant parasites. This identified level of resistance of P. vivax to chloroquine in French Guiana does not require a change in therapeutic recommendations. However, primaquine should be administered more frequently to limit the spread of resistance, and there is still a need for a reliable molecular marker to facilitate the monitoring of P. vivax resistance to chloroquine.
| S-EPMC6811453 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundPlasmodium vivax malaria is a major public health problem in French Guiana. Some cases of resistance to chloroquine, the first-line treatment used against P. vivax malaria, have been described in the Brazilian Amazon region. The aim of this study is to investigate a possible dispersion of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax isolates in French Guiana. The genotype, polymorphism and copy number variation, of the P. vivax multidrug resistance gene-1 (pvmdr1) have been previously associated with modification of the susceptibility to chloroquine.MethodsThe pvmdr1 gene polymorphism was evaluated by sequencing and copy number variation was assessed by real-time PCR, in P. vivax isolates obtained from 591 symptomatic patients from 1997 to 2013.ResultsThe results reveal that 1.0% [95% CI 0.4-2.2] of French Guiana isolates carry the mutations Y976F and F1076L, and that the proportion of isolates with multiple copies of pvmdr1 has significantly decreased over time, from 71.3% (OR = 6.2 [95% CI 62.9-78.7], p < 0.0001) in 1997-2004 to 12.8% (OR = 0.03 [95% CI 9.4-16.9], p < 0.0001) in 2009-2013. A statistically significant relationship was found between Guf-A (harboring the single mutation T958M) and Sal-1 (wild type) alleles and pvmdr1 copy number.ConclusionsFew P. vivax isolates harboring chloroquine-resistant mutations in the pvmdr1 gene are circulating in French Guiana. However, the decrease in the prevalence of isolates carrying multiple copies of pvmdr1 might indicate that the P. vivax population in French Guiana is evolving towards a decreased susceptibility to chloroquine.
| S-EPMC5101641 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has required a complete change in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who need to undergo endoscopic procedures. Several preventive measures must be taken to avoid the spread of infection among health-care professionals and patients with IBD, including the use of personal protective equipment, greater attention to endoscopic room hygiene and rescheduling of non-urgent procedures. This Perspective aims to provide a guide based on the Italian and French experience to better face the difficulties encountered by endoscopists during this global health emergency. In particular, recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment to prevent COVID-19 transmission, both for patients and health-care professionals, are proposed and different scenarios in endoscopic IBD management are evaluated to suggest when endoscopy could be rescheduled and replaced by alternative biomarkers.
| S-EPMC7288265 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The COVID-19 pandemic put clinical research in the media spotlight globally. This article proposes a first measure of familiarity with and attitude toward clinical research in France. Drawing from the "Health Literacy Survey 2019" (HLS19) conducted online between 27 May and 5 June 2020 on a sample of the French adult population (N = 1003), we show that a significant proportion of the French population claimed some familiarity with clinical trials (64.8%) and had positive attitudes (72%) toward them. One of the important findings of this study is that positive attitudes toward clinical research exist side by side with a strong distancing from the pharmaceutical industry. While respondents acknowledged that the pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in clinical research (68.3%), only one-quarter indicated that they trust the industry (25.7%). Positive attitudes toward clinical trials were associated with familiarity with clinical trials (Odds Ratio, OR 2.97 [1.90-4.63]), financial difficulties (OR 0.63 [0.46-0.85]), as well as mistrust of doctors (0.48 [0.27-0.85]) and of scientists (OR 0.62 [0.38-0.99]). Although the French media provided a great deal of information on how clinical research works during the first months of the pandemic, there remains profound mistrust of the pharmaceutical industry in France. This suspicion can undermine crisis management, especially in the areas of vaccine development and preparation for future pandemics.
| S-EPMC7967331 | biostudies-literature