Image integrity and standards.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Pines J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC7333887 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Jun
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:With increasing utilization of medical imaging in clinical practice and the growing dimensions of data volumes generated by various medical imaging modalities, the distribution, storage, and management of digital medical image data sets requires data compression. Over the past few decades, several image compression standards have been proposed by international standardization organizations. This paper discusses the current status of these image compression standards in medical imaging applications together with some of the legal and regulatory issues surrounding the use of compression in medical settings.
| S-EPMC8525863 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesPerceptions of beauty, deeply rooted in societal norms, significantly impact self-esteem, self-concept, and mental well-being. This study aimed to develop and validate the Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale, a tool designed to assess how individuals perceive societal beauty standards.MethodsThe Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale was developed and validated following extensive literature review, expert consultation and survey among 313 adolescents in Kathmandu, Nepal. Items in the scale reflect societal standards of beauty, focusing on physical attributes such as weight, skin color, and body imperfections.ResultsContent validity was established with a scale-level content validity index of 0.95 and an item-level content validity index above 0.83 for all items. The initial 10-item Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale underwent exploratory factor analysis, which revealed two factors: "Beauty Perceptions" (38.67% variance explained) and "Acceptance of Beauty Diversity" (10.47% variance explained). However, two items exhibited instability in factor loadings and item-total correlations, prompting their removal from the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale-10 two-factor model, the single-factor model, and the revised 8-item version (Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale-8). Confirmatory factor analysis results confirmed that the Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale-8 exhibited a good fit (CMIN/DF = 2.30, TLI = 0.947, SRMR = 0.040, RMSEA = 0.061), demonstrating strong construct validity.ConclusionThe scale showed good psychometric properties, including content validity, construct validity, and reliability. The Perceptions of Beauty Standards Scale-8 offers a robust measure of societal beauty perceptions, providing valuable insights into body image and mental health, particularly in environments where societal beauty standards strongly influence self-esteem.
| S-EPMC11905045 | biostudies-literature
Project description:We need data sets of images and subjective scores to develop robust no reference (or blind) visual quality metrics for consumer applications. These applications have many uncontrolled variables because the camera creates the original media and the impairment simultaneously. We do not fully understand how this impacts the integrity of our subjective data. We put forward two new data sets of images from consumer cameras. The first data set, CCRIQ2, uses a strict experiment design, more suitable for camera performance evaluation. The second data set, VIME1, uses a loose experiment design that resembles the behavior of consumer photographers. We gather subjective scores through a subjective experiment with 24 participants using the Absolute Category Rating method. We make these two new data sets available royalty-free on the Consumer Digital Video Library. We also present their integrity analysis (proposing one new approach) and explore the possibility of combining CCRIQ2 with its legacy counterpart. We conclude that the loose experiment design yields unreliable data, despite adhering to international recommendations. This suggests that the classical subjective study design may not be suitable for studies using consumer content. Finally, we show that Hoßfeld-Schatz-Egger α failed to detect important differences between the two data sets.
| S-EPMC8321034 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Videos glamourising disordered eating practices and body image concerns readily circulate on TikTok. Minimal empirical research has investigated the impact of TikTok content on body image and eating behaviour. The present study aimed to fill this gap in current research by examining the influence of pro-anorexia TikTok content on young women's body image and degree of internalisation of beauty standards, whilst also exploring the impact of daily time spent on TikTok and the development of disordered eating behaviours. An experimental and cross-sectional design was used to explore body image and internalisation of beauty standards in relation to pro-anorexia TikTok content. Time spent on TikTok was examined in relation to the risk of developing orthorexia nervosa. A sample of 273 female-identifying persons aged 18-28 years were exposed to either pro-anorexia or neutral TikTok content. Pre- and post-test measures of body image and internalisation of beauty standards were obtained. Participants were divided into four groups based on average daily time spent on TikTok. Women exposed to pro-anorexia content displayed the greatest decrease in body image satisfaction and an increase in internalisation of societal beauty standards. Women exposed to neutral content also reported a decrease in body image satisfaction. Participants categorised as high and extreme daily TikTok users reported greater average disordered eating behaviour on the EAT-26 than participants with low and moderate use, however this finding was not statistically significant in relation to orthorexic behaviours. This research has implications for the mental health of young female TikTok users, with exposure to pro-anorexia content having immediate consequences for internalisation and body image dissatisfaction, potentially increasing one's risk of developing disordered eating beliefs and behaviours.
| S-EPMC11305550 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Aims/hypothesisKnowledge of number, size and content of insulin secretory granules is pivotal for understanding the physiology of pancreatic beta cells. Here we re-evaluated key structural features of rat beta cells, including insulin granule size, number and distribution as well as cell size.MethodsElectron micrographs of rat beta cells fixed either chemically or by high-pressure freezing were compared using a high-content analysis approach. These data were used to develop three-dimensional in silico beta cell models, the slicing of which would reproduce the experimental datasets.ResultsAs previously reported, chemically fixed insulin secretory granules appeared as hollow spheres with a mean diameter of ?350 nm. Remarkably, most granules fixed by high-pressure freezing lacked the characteristic halo between the dense core and the limiting membrane and were smaller than their chemically fixed counterparts. Based on our analyses, we conclude that the mean diameter of rat insulin secretory granules is 243 nm, corresponding to a surface area of 0.19 ?m(2). Rat beta cells have a mean volume of 763 ?m(3) and contain 5,000-6,000 granules.Conclusions/interpretationA major reason for the lower mean granule number/rat beta cell relative to previous accounts is a reduced estimation of the mean beta cell volume. These findings imply that each granule contains about twofold more insulin, while its exocytosis increases membrane capacitance about twofold less than assumed previously. Our integrated approach defines new standards for quantitative image analysis of beta cells and could be applied to other cellular systems.
| S-EPMC3296007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study aimed to explore the relationship between the fluorescence intensity of indocyanine green (ICG) in near-infrared fluorescence guided surgery (NIRFGS) and preoperative liver function indicators.MethodsA total of 12 4T1 tumor-bearing mice were used for model establishment. Intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) corn oil solution (50 µL) was given to mice in the liver injury model group, 24 hours after injection, the model was established, while the control group received 0% CCl4 corn oil solution (50 µL) (n=6 for each group). Additionally, doses of 8 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg of free ICG were injected intravenously (i.v.) (n=3 in each group). Fluorescence was imaged in vivo using an NIR fluorescence imaging system at different time points (1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) after injection.ResultsThe absolute fluorescence intensity of mice in the liver injury model group was stronger than that in the control group. Mice in the liver injury model group had the same clearance rate of ICG from the tumor as normal mice. However, the background clearance rate was slower than that of normal mice, which prolonged the optimal tumor to background ratio (TBR) time. Correlation analysis was also used to determine which preoperative liver function parameters were most correlated with hepatic ICG clearance.ConclusionsLiver injury does not significantly affect the maximum TBR, but prolongs the optimal TBR time, and at the same time, a wider and more stable surgical window will appear. This study showed that a prolonged surgical start time is feasible according to preoperative liver function testing using NIR fluorescence imaging technology.
| S-EPMC8848407 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While the importance of random sequencing errors decreases at higher DNA or RNA sequencing depths, systematic sequencing errors (SSEs) dominate at high sequencing depths and can be difficult to distinguish from biological variants. These SSEs can cause base quality scores to underestimate the probability of error at certain genomic positions, resulting in false positive variant calls, particularly in mixtures such as samples with RNA editing, tumors, circulating tumor cells, bacteria, mitochondrial heteroplasmy, or pooled DNA. Most algorithms proposed for correction of SSEs require a training data set, which is typically either from a part of the data set being “recalibrated” (Genome Analysis ToolKit, or GATK) or from a separate data set with special characteristics (SysCall). Here, we combine the advantages of these approaches by adding synthetic RNA spike-in standards to human RNA, and use GATK to recalibrate base quality scores with reads mapped to the spike-in standards. Compared to conventional GATK recalibration that uses reads mapped to the genome, spike-ins improve the accuracy of Illumina base quality scores by a mean of 5 units, and by as much as 13 units at CpG sites. In addition, since reads mapping to the genome are not used for recalibration, our method allows run-specific recalibration even for the many species without a comprehensive and accurate SNP database. We also use GATK with the spike-in standards to demonstrate that the Illumina RNA sequencing runs overestimate quality scores for AC, CC, GC, GG, and TC dinucleotides, while SOLiD has less dinucleotide SSEs but more SSEs for certain cycles. We conclude that using these DNA and RNA spike-in standards with GATK improves base quality score recalibration.
2012-03-03 | GSE36217 | GEO
Project description:This study examines the effect of four different image segmentation methods on the precision of the data. Keywords: other
2004-03-16 | GSE1054 | GEO
Project description:International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays
| PRJNA695810 | ENA
Project description:International Standards for Cytogenomic Arrays
| PRJNA76081 | ENA