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Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures.

ABSTRACT: A growing literature suggests that executive control (EC; also known as "executive functioning" or "EF") in adolescence may play an important role in the development of key health behaviors, including eating behaviors. However, existing literature has significant limitations in the conceptualization and measurement of EC. The current study aims to address these limitations by employing a multidimensional approach to conceptualizing and measuring adolescent EC, including both objective and subjective measures covering multiple components of EC, and examining links with specific eating behaviors. A community sample of adolescents (N = 208; mean age = 14.5 years) completed a battery of performance-based neuropsychological tasks assessing specific components of EC (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control, flexible shifting), a norm-referenced questionnaire covering problems with specific components of EC in daily life, and a measure assessing key eating behaviors (i.e., uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, cognitive restraint). Objectively-measured adolescent working memory was significantly and uniquely associated with cognitive restraint, with stronger working memory associated with less cognitive restraint. No other associations between performance-based EC tasks and eating behaviors were found. In contrast, using subjective reports of EC, problems with inhibitory control were associated with greater uncontrolled eating, and problems with flexible shifting were associated with greater emotional eating. The results suggest links between specific aspects of EC and specific eating behaviors in adolescence, as well as the potential importance of context for understanding the role of EC in eating behavior. Given evidence that EC is modifiable, the findings have potential implications for novel interventions addressing eating behaviors by targeting EC.

SUBMITTER: Nelson TD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7442726 | biostudies-literature | 2020 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures.

Nelson Timothy D TD James Tiffany D TD Nelson Jennifer Mize JM Johnson Anna B AB Mason W Alex WA Yaroch Amy Lazarus AL Espy Kimberly Andrews KA

Appetite 20200621

A growing literature suggests that executive control (EC; also known as "executive functioning" or "EF") in adolescence may play an important role in the development of key health behaviors, including eating behaviors. However, existing literature has significant limitations in the conceptualization and measurement of EC. The current study aims to address these limitations by employing a multidimensional approach to conceptualizing and measuring adolescent EC, including both objective and subjec ...[more]

PMID: 32579972

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Project description:Study objectivesAlterations in gut microbiota composition have been associated with several conditions, and there is emerging evidence that sleep quantity and quality are associated with the composition of the gut microbiome. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the associations between several measures of sleep and the gut microbiome in a large, population-based sample.MethodsData were collected from participants in the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin from 2016 to 2017 (N = 720). Alpha diversity was estimated using Chao1 richness, Shannon's diversity, and Inverse Simpson's diversity. Beta diversity was estimated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. Models for each of the alpha-diversity outcomes were calculated using linear mixed effects models. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance tests were performed to test whether gut microbiome composition differed by sleep measures. Negative binomial models were used to assess whether sleep measures were associated with individual taxa relative abundance.ResultsParticipants were a mean (SD) age of 55 (16) years and 58% were female. The sample was 83% non-Hispanic white, 10.6% non-Hispanic black, and 3.5% Hispanic. Greater actigraphy-measured night-to-night sleep duration variability, wake-after-sleep onset, lower sleep efficiency, and worse self-reported sleep quality were associated with lower microbiome richness and diversity. Sleep variables were associated with beta-diversity, including actigraphy-measured night-to-night sleep duration variability, sleep latency and efficiency, and self-reported sleep quality, sleep apnea, and napping. Relative abundance of several taxa was associated with night-to-night sleep duration variability, average sleep latency and sleep efficiency, and sleep quality.ConclusionsThis study suggests that sleep may be associated with the composition of the gut microbiome. These results contribute to the body of evidence that modifiable health habits can influence the human gut microbiome.

Dataset Information

Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures.

Publications

Associations between specific components of executive control and eating behaviors in adolescence: A study using objective and subjective measures.

Similar Datasets

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