Dataset Information

Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To review the current knowledge of biomolecular factors surrounding otorhinolaryngeal illnesses and analyze their presence in COVID-19 virulence. Emphasis was placed on cytokines and vitamin D for determining susceptibility of illness.

Methods

A primary literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2020, was performed without language restrictions from May 8, 2020 to May 31, 2020. A focused second search was conducted from October 31, 2020 to November 2, 2020 for articles published between January 1, 2002 to October 31, 2020. Eligible articles were selected after evaluation of titles, abstracts, and references. A total of 45 were included in this review.

Results

Differing endotype classification schemes are used to determine cytokines present in chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, and allergies. While immunologic responses and biomarkers are primary methods of differentiation, recent literature has also implicated geographic distribution of chronic rhinosinusitis patients in accounting for cytokine variations. The cytokines of interest (IL-4, IL-13, and INF-γ) present in the endotypes of these conditions may point towards protective mechanisms against COVID-19 through downregulation of the ACE2 receptor. These cytokines and Vitamin D highlight new areas of study for factors affecting SARS-CoV-2 virulence.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to understand the effects of Vitamin D and the various cytokines prevalent among endotypes of nasal/pharyngeal illnesses on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Findings may point towards epidemiologic trends of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and have future therapeutic indications.

SUBMITTER: Jain N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7685037 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.

Jain Neil N Varman Rahul R Tarbox James A JA Nguyen Tam T

Auris, nasus, larynx 20201124 1

<h4>Objectives</h4>To review the current knowledge of biomolecular factors surrounding otorhinolaryngeal illnesses and analyze their presence in COVID-19 virulence. Emphasis was placed on cytokines and vitamin D for determining susceptibility of illness.<h4>Methods</h4>A primary literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published between January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2020, was performed without language restrictions from May 8, 2020 to May 31, 2020. A focused second search was con ...[more]

PMID: 33257107

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Project description:Background and aimsAlthough vaccines are considered the most effective and fundamental therapeutic tools for consistently preventing the COVID-19 disease, worldwide vaccine hesitancy has become a widespread public health issue for successful immunization. The aim of this review was to identify an up-to-date and concise assessment of potential factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and refusal intention, and to outline the key message in order to organize these factors according to country count.MethodsA systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature articles indexed in reputable databases, mainly Pub Med (MEDLINE), Elsevier, Science Direct, and Scopus, was performed between21stJune 2021 and10th July 2021. After obtaining the results via careful screening using a PRISMA flow diagram, 47 peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria and formed the basic structure of the review.ResultsIn total, 11 potential factors were identified, of which the greatest number of articles (n = 28) reported "safety" (34.46%; 95% CI 25.05─43.87) as the overarching consideration, while "side effects" (38.73%; 95% CI 28.14─49.32) was reported by 22 articles, which was the next common factor. Other potential factors such as "effectiveness" were identified in 19 articles (29.98%; 95% CI 17.09─41.67), followed by "trust" (n = 15 studies; 27.91%; 95% CI 17.1─38.73),"information sufficiency"(n = 12; 34.46%; 95% CI 35.87─63.07),"efficacy"(n = 8; 28.73%; 95% CI 9.72─47.74), "conspiracy beliefs" (n = 8; 14.30%; 95% CI 7.97─20.63),"social influence" (n = 6; 42.11%; 95% CI 14.01─70.21), "political roles" (n = 4; 16.75%; 95% CI 5.34─28.16), "vaccine mandated" (n = 4; 51.20%; 95% CI 20.25─82.15), and "fear and anxiety" (n = 3; 8.73%; 95% CI 0.59─18.05). The findings for country-specific influential vaccination factors revealed that, "safety" was recognized mostly (n = 14) in Asian continents (32.45%; 95% CI 19.60─45.31), followed by the United States (n = 6; 33.33%; 95% CI12.68─53.98). "Side effects" was identified from studies in Asia and Europe (n = 6; 35.78%; 95% CI 16.79─54.77 and 16.93%; 95% CI 4.70─28.08, respectively), followed by Africa (n = 4; 74.60%, 95% CI 58.08─91.11); however, public response to "effectiveness" was found in the greatest (n = 7) number of studies in Asian countries (44.84%; 95% CI 25─64.68), followed by the United States (n = 6; 16.68%, 95% CI 8.47─24.89). In Europe, "trust" (n = 5) appeared as a critical predictor (24.94%; 95% CI 2.32─47.56). "Information sufficiency" was identified mostly (n = 4) in articles from the United States (51.53%; 95% CI = 14.12─88.74), followed by Asia (n = 3; 40%; 95% CI 27.01─52.99). More concerns was observed relating to "efficacy" and "conspiracy beliefs" in Asian countries (n = 3; 27.03%; 95% CI 10.35─43.71 and 18.55%; 95% CI 8.67─28.43, respectively). The impact of "social influence" on making a rapid vaccination decision was high in Europe (n = 3; 23.85%, 95% CI -18.48─66.18), followed by the United States (n = 2; 74.85%). Finally, "political roles" and "vaccine-mandated" were important concerns in the United States.ConclusionsThe prevailing factors responsible for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy varied globally; however, the global COVID-19 vaccine acceptance relies on several common factors related to psychological and, societal aspect, and the vaccine itself. People would connect with informative and effective messaging that clarifies the safety, side effects, and effectiveness of prospective COVID-19 vaccines, which would foster vaccine confidence and encourage people to be vaccinated willingly.

Project description:BackgroundUpstream factors have been found to affect COVID-19 vaccination rates and coverage globally. However, there are inadequate details within the African context. This systematic review aims to close this research gap by investigating upstream factors influencing COVID-19 vaccination rates in Africa.MethodsA literature search will be systematically conducted utilizing various databases including: MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Eligible studies will include peer-reviewed articles published in the English language from 2020-2023, conducted in Africa, focused on upstream factors, and include one barrier or facilitator to COVID-19 vaccination rates. Two reviewers will use a two-step screening process to examine every article's title, abstract, and full text. A third-party reviewer will resolve disagreements between both individual reviewers. This review will focus on extracting data from published studies to explain the upstream factors included and their impact on COVID-19 vaccination rates across Africa. Data and records will be managed using Covidence. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses [PRISMA] framework will be used as the basis for reporting. To reduce bias, the researchers will use the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the studies chosen for review. Results will be compiled utilizing four tables to summarize articles and group determinants based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).DiscussionUpstream factors have been cited as affecting population health, vaccination programs, and COVID-19, yet a large-scale systematic review has not been conducted to investigate these factors in relation to COVID-19 vaccination disparities faced in Africa. This review aims to analyze the root causes of African vaccination disparities by focusing on upstream factors. Understanding these factors is vital to help explain why these disparities occur and for designing effective interventions for future vaccinations. The results are expected to provide insights for researchers, policymakers, health systems, and individuals by identifying how resources and efforts can be better utilized to improve vaccination uptake and access.Trial registrationSystematic review registration: CRD42024501293.

Dataset Information

Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Biomolecular endotype factors involved in COVID-19 airway infectivity: A systematic review.

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