Dataset Information

Fecal Carriage and Genetic Characterization of CTX-M-1/9/1-Producing Escherichia coli From Healthy Humans in Hangzhou, China.

ABSTRACT: CTX-M-199, a novel chimeric ?-lactamase which mediated resistance to sulbactam and tazobactam, was recently identified in Hangzhou, China. This study investigated the prevalence of fecal carriage of bacteria producing CTX-M-199 and other CTX-M-1/9/1-type enzymes among healthy individuals and characterized the genetic features of bla _CTX-M-1/9/1-bearing mobile elements. A total of 74 Enterobacterales strains carrying various bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 genes, including bla _CTX-M-64 (n = 40, carriage rate of 0.74%), bla _CTX-M-199 (n = 23, 0.40%), bla _CTX-M-123 (n = 5, 0.10%), novel bla _CTX-M-153 (n = 5, 0.10%), and bla _{CT X-M-132} (n = 2, 0.04%), were isolated from 68 out of 5,000 (1.36%) fecal samples of healthy adults in Hangzhou City. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole-genome sequencing data showed that 72 bla _CTX-M-1/9/1-bearing Escherichia coli isolates were clustered into four major clades, three of which included CTX-M-199 producers. Sixty out of 75 bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 genes were located on plasmids belonging to four Inc types: IncI2, IncI1, IncFIB, and IncHI2. The bla _CTX-M-199 genes were harbored by three of the four types of plasmids except for IncHI2. All these bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 genes were carried on an ISEcp1-mediated transposition unit. In conclusion, human fecal carriage of bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 was low in healthy populations of China. The ISEcp1 was commonly associated with bla _CTX-M-1/9/1 and may mediate its transmission on various mobile elements. Our findings provide insights into the dissemination and the development of further measures for the control of pathogens producing CTX-M-1/9/1-type enzymes.

SUBMITTER: Chen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC7921147 | biostudies-literature | 2021

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fecal Carriage and Genetic Characterization of CTX-M-1/9/1-Producing Escherichia coli From Healthy Humans in Hangzhou, China.

Chen Jiawei J Chen Sheng S Jiang Yin Y Zhang Rong R Cai Jiachang J

Frontiers in microbiology 20210216

CTX-M-199, a novel chimeric β-lactamase which mediated resistance to sulbactam and tazobactam, was recently identified in Hangzhou, China. This study investigated the prevalence of fecal carriage of bacteria producing CTX-M-199 and other CTX-M-1/9/1-type enzymes among healthy individuals and characterized the genetic features of bla CTX-M-1/9/1-bearing mobile elements. A total of 74 Enterobacterales strains carrying various bla CTX-M-1/9/1 genes, ...[more]

PMID: 33664715

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Project description:A nationwide study on the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC in nonhospitalized horses in the Netherlands was performed. Molecular characterization was done, and questionnaires were analyzed to identify factors associated with carriage. In total, 796 horse owners were approached; 281 of these submitted a fecal sample from their horse(s), resulting in 362 samples. All samples were cultured qualitatively in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and subsequently on MacConkey agar, both supplemented with 1 mg/liter cefotaxime (LB+ and MC+). Positive samples were subsequently cultured quantitatively on MC+. Initial extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC screening was performed by PCR, followed by whole-genome sequencing on selected strains. Associations between ESBL/AmpC carriage and questionnaire items were analyzed using a univariate generalized estimating equation (GEE) regression analysis, followed by a multiple GEE model for relevant factors. In total, 39 of 362 samples (11%) were determined to be positive for ESBL/AmpC. blaCTX-M-1-carrying isolates were obtained from 77% of positive samples (n = 30). Other ESBL/AmpC genes observed included blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32, blaSHV-12, blaCMY-2, and blaACT-10 A high association between the presence of blaCTX-M-1 and IncHI1 plasmids was observed (46% of samples; n = 18). Based on core genome analysis (n = 48 isolates), six Escherichia coli clusters were identified, three of which represented 80% of the isolates. A negative association between ESBL/AmpC carriage and horses being in contact with other horses at a different site was observed. The presence of a dog on the premises and housing in a more densely human-populated region were positively associated.IMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are widespread in human and animal populations and in the environment. Many different ESBL variants exist. The dissemination of ESBLs within and between populations and the environment is also largely influenced by genetic mobile elements (e.g., plasmids) that facilitate spread of these ESBLs. In order to identify potential attributable ESBL sources for, e.g., the human population, it is important to identify the different ESBL variants, the bacteria carrying them, and the potential risk factors for ESBL carriage from other potential sources. This nationwide study focuses on ESBL carriage in the open horse population and investigated the molecular characteristics, geographical distribution throughout the Netherlands, and potential risk factors for fecal ESBL carriage in horses. These data can be used for future attribution studies in order to reduce potential transmission of ESBL-producing bacteria between sources.

Project description:BackgroundExtended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), including the AmpC type, are important mechanisms of resistance among Enterobacteriaeceae. CTX-M type extended-spectrum β- lactamases, of which there are now over 90 variants, are distributed globally, yet appear to vary in regional distribution. AmpC β-lactamases hydrolyze third generation cephalosporins, but are resistant to inhibition by clavulanate or other β-lactamase inhibitors in vitro. Fecal carriage and rates of colonization by bacteria harboring these resistance mechanisms have been reported in patients with community-acquired infections and in healthy members of their households. Expression of these ESBLs compromises the efficacy of current antibacterial therapies, potentially increasing the seriousness of hospital- and community-acquired Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections.To investigate the occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli in human fecal flora isolated from two pediatric populations residing in the Libyan cities Zleiten and Abou El Khoms. Isolates were further studied to characterize genes encoding β-lactam resistance, and establish genetic relationships.MethodsAntibiotic resistance profiles of phenotypically characterized E. coli isolates recovered from the stools of 243 Libyan children during two surveillance periods in 2001 and 2007 were determined by the disk diffusion method. ESBL-screening was performed using the cephalosporin/clavulanate double synergy disc method, and the AmpC-phenotype was confirmed by the aminophenyl-boronic acid test. ESBL genes were molecularly characterized. Phylogenetic group and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were determined for ESBL-producing isolates and PFGE was performed to compare banding profiles of some dominant strains.ResultsESBLs were identified in 13.4% (18/134) of E. coli isolates, and nine isolates (6.7%) demonstrated AmpC activity; all 18 isolates contained a CTX-M gene. Three CTX-M gene families (CTX-M-1, n=9; CTX-M-15, n=8 and CTX-M-3, n=1) were distributed in diverse E. coli backgrounds (phylogenetic group D, 39%; B2, 28%; B1, 22% and A, 11%). MLST analysis revealed 14 sequence type (ST) with six new sequence types. The gene encoding the CMY-2 enzyme was detected in five AmpC-positive E. coli.ConclusionsThese results identified heterogeneous clones of CTX-M-producing E. coli in the fecal isolates, indicating that the intestinal tract acts as a reservoir for ESBL-producing organisms, and a trafficker of antibiotic resistance genes.

Project description:BackgroundWildlife zoos provide the opportunity for children and adults to interact with animals, However, it's unknown that the risk of contact with animals, which carried zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum β-lactamases Escherichia coli (ESBLs-EC) from a wildlife zoo in China.MethodsA total of 93 wildlife faecal samples were collected from a wildlife zoo. Agar dilution method was used to determine the resistant phenotype. Whole genomes sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were employed to evaluate the molecular typing and genetic relationships of ESBLs-EC.ResultsA total of 23 CTX-M-positive ESBLs-EC were isolated from swan (n = 14), squirrel monkey (n = 5), black hat hanging monkey (n = 2), gibbon monkey (n = 1) and phoenicopteridae (n = 1) respectively. All ESBLs-EC strains were resistant to cefotaxime, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but susceptible to colistin, tigecycline, meropenem and amikacin. By screening whole genome sequences, ESBLs-EC strains main carried blaCTX-M-55 (34.8%, 8/23) and blaCTX-M-14 (26.0%, 6/23), following by blaCTX-M-27 (21.7%, 5/23), blaCTX-M-15 (13.0%, 3/23) and blaCTX-M-121 (4.3%, 1/23). ESBLs-EC strains mainly belonged to phylogroup A (60.9%, 14/23), and ST48, ST746 and ST616 (3 strains respectively, 13.0%) were major ST types. Core genome-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis suggested that strains from the swan, over the phylogenetic tree, have a closer genetic relationship with strains from other animals (black hat hanging monkey, gibbon monkey, phoenicopteridae and squirrel monkey).ConclusionsCTX-M type ESBLs-EC can transmit between animals in wildlife zoos, which may be a risk of spread to animal keepers, veterinarians and visitors when contact with animals. Our study provides that the importance of hygiene measures to minimise the risk of transmission of ESBLs-EC to visitors in wildlife zoos.

Dataset Information

Fecal Carriage and Genetic Characterization of CTX-M-1/9/1-Producing Escherichia coli From Healthy Humans in Hangzhou, China.

Publications

Fecal Carriage and Genetic Characterization of CTX-M-1/9/1-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> From Healthy Humans in Hangzhou, China.

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